nginx動(dòng)靜分離

搭建Nginx動(dòng)靜分離

Nginx動(dòng)靜分離介紹

Nginx的靜態(tài)處理能力很強(qiáng)，但是動(dòng)態(tài)處理能力不足，因此，在企業(yè)中常用動(dòng)靜分離技術(shù)
針對(duì)PHP的動(dòng)靜分離
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- 靜態(tài)頁(yè)面交給Nginx處理
- 動(dòng)態(tài)頁(yè)面交給PHP-FPM模塊或Apache處理
在Nginx的配置中，是通過(guò)location配置段配合正則匹配實(shí)現(xiàn)靜態(tài)與動(dòng)態(tài)頁(yè)面的不同處理方式
反向代理原理
Nginx不僅能作為Web服務(wù)器，還具有反向代理、負(fù)載均衡和緩存的功能
Nginx通過(guò)proxy模塊實(shí)現(xiàn)將客戶(hù)端的請(qǐng)求代理至上游服務(wù)器，此時(shí)nginx與. 上游服務(wù)器的連接是通過(guò)http協(xié)議進(jìn)行的
Nginx在實(shí)現(xiàn)反向代理功能時(shí)的最重要指令為proxy_ _pass, 它能夠并能夠根據(jù)URI、客戶(hù)端參數(shù)或其它的處理邏輯將用戶(hù)請(qǐng)求調(diào)度至上游服務(wù)器

配置動(dòng)靜分離

架設(shè)并調(diào)試后端LAMP環(huán)境
安裝配置Nginx處理靜態(tài)頁(yè)面請(qǐng)求，在server {};段中加入

[root@nginx php5]#vim /usr/local/httpd/conf/nginx.conf
 location ~ .*\.(gifiglipeglbmp|swf)$ {
   root html;
   index index.html index.htm;
};

配置Nginx處理動(dòng)態(tài)頁(yè)面請(qǐng)求，在server{};中加入
在Apache.工作目錄新建test.php
重啟Nginx并測(cè)試

[root@nginx php5]#vim /usr/local/httpd/conf/nginx.conf
   server {
   .....
   location ~ \.php$ {
        proxy_ pass http://192.168.9.237:8080;     //LAMP的IP地址
   ......

配置實(shí)例

開(kāi)啟兩臺(tái)Linux虛擬機(jī)，一臺(tái)配置Nginx，一臺(tái)配置LANM架構(gòu)，客戶(hù)端訪問(wèn)nginx網(wǎng)頁(yè)時(shí)Nginx服務(wù)處理靜態(tài)訪問(wèn)信息，LAMP處理動(dòng)態(tài)訪問(wèn)信息，
首先在一臺(tái)Linux系統(tǒng)中搭建lamp架構(gòu)，這里使用yum安裝lamp架構(gòu)

yum install httpd httpd-devel -y
已加載插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
...//省略部分內(nèi)容...
已安裝:
  httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos      httpd-devel.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos 
...//省略部分內(nèi)容...
完畢！
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public  --add-service=http
success              //配置防火墻允許http服務(wù)在公共區(qū)域通過(guò)
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public  --add-service=https
success             //配置防火墻允許https服務(wù)在公共區(qū)域通過(guò)
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload    //重新加載防火墻
success
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd.service     //啟動(dòng)http服務(wù)

在客戶(hù)機(jī)訪問(wèn)httpd服務(wù)，看服務(wù)是否成功開(kāi)啟

nginx動(dòng)靜分離

安裝mariadb（mariadb是MySQL的分支軟件，功能與MySQL相同）

[root@localhost ~]# yum install mariadb mariadb-server mariadb-libs mariadb-devel -y
已加載插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
...//省略部分內(nèi)容...
已安裝:
  mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.64-1.el7                   mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.64-1.el7           
  mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.64-1.el7           
完畢！
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start  mariadb     //啟動(dòng)mariadb服務(wù)
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -ntap | grep 3306
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2519/mysqld    
[root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation           //設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none):        //詢(xún)問(wèn)是否給root用戶(hù)設(shè)置密碼，直接回車(chē)
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] y             //是否設(shè)置密碼，輸入y確認(rèn)
New password:                         //輸入密碼
Re-enter new password:                //再次輸入密碼
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] n     //詢(xún)問(wèn)是否刪除匿名用戶(hù)，輸入n，不刪除
 ... skipping.

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n    //詢(xún)問(wèn)是否拒絕root用戶(hù)遠(yuǎn)程登錄，輸入n，不拒絕
... skipping.

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] n  //詢(xún)問(wèn)是否刪除測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，輸入n，不刪除
 ... skipping.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y     //詢(xún)問(wèn)是否重新加載數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，輸入y，重新加載
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!                  //完成設(shè)置

安裝PHP

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install php             //安裝php服務(wù)
已加載插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
...//省略部分內(nèi)容...
已安裝:
  php.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7   
...//省略部分內(nèi)容...
完畢！
[root@localhost ~]# yum install php-mysql -y        //安裝php與mysql連接包
已加載插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
 * extras: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
...//省略部分內(nèi)容...
已安裝:
  php-mysql.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7                                                           
作為依賴(lài)被安裝:
  php-pdo.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7                                                             
完畢！
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y php-gd php-ldap php-odbc php-pear php-xml php-xmlrpc php-mbstring php-snmp php-soap curl curl-devel php-bcmath      //安裝php環(huán)境包
已加載插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
...//省略部分內(nèi)容...
已安裝:
  libcurl-devel.x86_64 0:7.29.0-54.el7             php-bcmath.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7         
  php-gd.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7                php-ldap.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7           
  php-mbstring.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7          php-odbc.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7           
  php-pear.noarch 1:1.9.4-21.el7                   php-snmp.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7           
  php-soap.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7              php-xml.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7            
  php-xmlrpc.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7           
...//省略部分內(nèi)容...
完畢！
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/html     //進(jìn)入網(wǎng)頁(yè)站點(diǎn)
[root@localhost html]# vim index.php     //編輯php網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容 
<?php
  phpinfo();
?>
:wq
[root@localhost html]# systemctl restart httpd.service    //重啟http服務(wù)

在客戶(hù)機(jī)中測(cè)試LAMP機(jī)構(gòu)是否安裝成功

nginx動(dòng)靜分離

安裝Nginx

在另一臺(tái)Linux系統(tǒng)中安裝Nginx服務(wù)

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname nginx    //為了區(qū)分先更改Linux主機(jī)名稱(chēng)
[root@localhost ~]# su
[root@nginx ~]#                      //更改成功
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ make pcre-devel zlib-devel -y  //安裝環(huán)境包
已加載插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
...//省略部分內(nèi)容...
已安裝:
  gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7        gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-17.el7
  zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-18.el7
...//省略部分內(nèi)容...
完畢！
[root@nginx ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx        //創(chuàng)建程序用戶(hù)
[root@nginx ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.100.10/lnmp /mnt/   //掛載宿主機(jī)源碼包目錄到mnt目錄下
Password for root@//192.168.100.10/lnmp:  
[root@nginx ~]# cd /mnt/                        //進(jìn)入mnt目錄
[root@nginx mnt]# tar zvxf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz -C /opt/     //解壓源碼包
...//省略部分內(nèi)容...
nginx-1.12.2/auto/cc/msvc
nginx-1.12.2/auto/cc/name
nginx-1.12.2/auto/cc/owc
nginx-1.12.2/auto/cc/sunc
[root@nginx mnt]# cd /opt/nginx-1.12.2/         //進(jìn)入解壓的nginx文件目錄
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure \         //配置nginx
> --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
> --user=nginx \
> --group=nginx \
> --with-http_stub_status_module
...//省略部分內(nèi)容...
  nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
  nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
  nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# make && make install    //制作安裝nginx
...//省略部分內(nèi)容...
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/html' \
    || cp -R html '/usr/local/nginx'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' \
    || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs'
make[1]: 離開(kāi)目錄“/opt/nginx-1.12.2”
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/  //創(chuàng)建軟連接文件到系統(tǒng)命令目錄
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# cd /lib/systemd/system     //進(jìn)入system管理目錄
[root@nginx system]# vim nginx.service      //編輯nginx啟動(dòng)腳本文件
[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/usr/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
:wq
[root@nginx system]# chmod 754 nginx.service          //添加執(zhí)行權(quán)限
[root@nginx system]# systemctl start nginx.service     //啟動(dòng)服務(wù)
[root@nginx system]# systemctl stop firewalld.service   //關(guān)閉防火墻
[root@nginx system]# setenforce 0                       //關(guān)閉增強(qiáng)性安全功能

在客戶(hù)機(jī)測(cè)試Nginx服務(wù)

nginx動(dòng)靜分離

配置動(dòng)靜分離

在nginx服務(wù)配置文件中開(kāi)啟功能，將動(dòng)態(tài)訪問(wèn)轉(zhuǎn)交給LAMP主機(jī)處理,以實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)靜分離

[root@nginx system]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
...//省略部分內(nèi)容...
  error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        location ~ \.php$ {  //開(kāi)啟此模塊，并將IP地址更改為L(zhǎng)AMP的主機(jī)，也就是將動(dòng)態(tài)請(qǐng)求交給LAMP的主機(jī)處理
            proxy_pass   http://192.168.144.137;   
        }

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
...//省略部分內(nèi)容...
:wq
[root@nginx system]# systemctl stop nginx.service          //關(guān)閉服務(wù) 
[root@nginx system]# systemctl start nginx.service         //重新啟動(dòng)服務(wù)

在客戶(hù)測(cè)試動(dòng)靜分離是否成功

nginx動(dòng)靜分離

名稱(chēng)欄目：nginx動(dòng)靜分離
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nginx動(dòng)靜分離

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配置動(dòng)靜分離

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配置動(dòng)靜分離