CCNP路由實(shí)驗(yàn)之八路由重發(fā)布

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在前面幾個實(shí)驗(yàn)，已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了靜態(tài)路由和動態(tài)路由。現(xiàn)在，我們要掌握如何使它們在一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)中融合，即路由重發(fā)布。路由重分布可以實(shí)現(xiàn)多種路由協(xié)議之間共享路由信息并進(jìn)行路由信息交換，使得同一個互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中高效地支持多種路由協(xié)議提供了可能。執(zhí)行路由重分布的路由器被稱為邊界路由器。因?yàn)樗麄兾挥趦蓚€或多個自治系統(tǒng)的邊界上。

路由重分布時，計量單位和管理距離是必須要考慮的因素。每一種路由協(xié)議都有自己的度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所以在進(jìn)行重分布時必須轉(zhuǎn)換度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，使得它們兼容。種子度量值（Seed Metric）是定義在路由重分布里的，它是一條從外部重分布進(jìn)來的路由的初始度量值。路由協(xié)議默認(rèn)的管理距離如下表：

路由來源	管理距離（AD）
直連口	0
使用出站口作為靜態(tài)路由	0
使用下一跳地址作為靜態(tài)路由	1
EIGRP匯總路由	5
EBGP（外部）	20
內(nèi)部EIGRP	90
IGRP	100
OSPF	110
IS-IS自治系統(tǒng)	115
RIP	120
EGP外部網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議(淘汰)	140
ODR	160
外部EIGRP	170(重發(fā)布)
iBGP（內(nèi)部）	200
默認(rèn)路由	默認(rèn)路由是在路由器找不到具體路由時的一種處理方式，它總是被最后使用
未知	255

注：

管理距離是指一種路由協(xié)議的路由可信度，在正常情況下，管理距離越小，它的優(yōu)先級就越高，也就是可信度越高！路由器根據(jù)管理距離決定哪一個協(xié)議的路由進(jìn)入路由表
使用出站接口配置的靜態(tài)路由AD實(shí)際處于0-1之間
如果AD相同，則會比較路由協(xié)議的度量值（如跳計數(shù)或鏈路的寬帶值），帶有較低度量值的路由會被放置在路由表中；
距離矢量路由協(xié)議（如RIP和IGRP）的度量值為跳數(shù)
EIGRP的度量值默認(rèn)為帶寬和延遲，其它可選因素是負(fù)載，可靠性和最大傳輸單元
OSPF的度量值為開銷，默認(rèn)為10*7/帶寬（單位是bit/s）
如果AD和度量值都相同，那么路由選擇協(xié)議會使用負(fù)載均衡，即發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)包會平均分配到每個鏈路上。
所有協(xié)議都可以實(shí)現(xiàn)負(fù)載均衡，EIGRP和IGRP默認(rèn)時可以支持最多到4條鏈路的不等代價負(fù)載均衡，可以通過maximum-paths 命令可以使數(shù)值達(dá)到6
AD為255的路由不會被使用

路由重分布并不是完美的，它有如下幾點(diǎn)不足：

路由回環(huán)：根據(jù)重分布的使用方法，路由器有可能將它從一個AS收到的路由信息發(fā)回到這個AS中，這種回饋與距離矢量路由協(xié)議的水平分割問題類似。
路由信息不兼容：不同的路由協(xié)議使用不有的量度值，因?yàn)檫@些量度值可能無法正確引入到不同的路由協(xié)議，使用重分布的路由信息來進(jìn)行路徑選擇可能不是最優(yōu)的。
收斂時間不一致：不同的路由協(xié)議收斂效率不同，例如，RIP比EIGRP收斂慢，因此如果一條鏈路DOWN掉，EIGRP網(wǎng)絡(luò)將比RIP網(wǎng)絡(luò)更早得知這一信息。
在配置路由重分布時應(yīng)注意以下情況：
不要重疊使用路由協(xié)議:不要在同一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)里使用兩個不同的路由協(xié)議，在使用不同路由協(xié)議的網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間應(yīng)該有明顯的邊界。
重分布原則：路由必須位于路由選擇表中才能被重分發(fā)
在單邊界的情況下使用雙向重分布: 當(dāng)一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)中只有一個邊界路由器時，雙向重分布工作很穩(wěn)定。如果沒有任何機(jī)制來防止路由回環(huán)，不要在一個多邊界的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中使用雙向重分布。綜合使用默認(rèn)路由、路由過濾以及修改管理距離可以防止路由回環(huán)。
有多個邊界路由器的情況下使用單向重分布: 如果有多于一臺路由器作為重分布點(diǎn)，使用單向重分布可以避免回環(huán)和收斂問題。在不需要接收外部路由的路由器上使用默認(rèn)路由。

實(shí)驗(yàn)一、單邊界多向路由重分布

R1配置（邊界路由器）
R1#conf t
R1(config)#int lo0
R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1255.255.255.0 //直連路由
R1(config-if)#desc Directly
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int f1/0
R1(config-if)#desc static
R1(config-if)#ip add 172.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int s2/0
R1(config-if)#desc Internet
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#ip add 202.100.100.1255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int e0/0
R1(config-if)#desc RIP
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.12.1255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int e0/1
R1(config-if)# desc EIGRP
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.13.1255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int e0/2
R1(config-if)#desc OSPF
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.14.1255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int e0/3
R1(config-if)#desc IS-IS
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.15.1255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#ip router isis //將接口宣告到IS-IS路由進(jìn)程中
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0202.100.100.2 //默認(rèn)路由
R1(config)#ip route 172.168.100.0255.255.255.0 172.168.1.2 //靜態(tài)路由
R1(config)#router rip //開啟RIP路由協(xié)議
R1(config-router)#version 2
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary
R1(config-router)#net 192.168.12.0
R1(config-router)#exit
R1(config)#router eigrp 1 //開啟EIGRP路由協(xié)議
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.13.0255.255.255.0
R1(config-router)#exit
R1(config)#router ospf 1 //開啟ospf路由協(xié)議
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.14.0255.255.255.0 area 0
R1(config-router)#exit
R1(config)#router isis //開啟IS-IS路由協(xié)議
R1(config-router)#net49.0001.1111.1111.1111.00
R1(config-router)#exit

R2配置（RIP路由協(xié)議）
R2#conf t
R2(config)#int lo 0
R2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#desc RIP
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#int e0/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.12.2255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#desc RIP
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#int e0/0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#router rip
R2(config-router)#ver 2
R2(config-router)#no auto-summary
R2(config-router)#net 2.2.2.0
R2(config-router)#net 192.168.12.0
R2(config-router)#exit

R3配置：（EIGRP路由協(xié)議）
R3#conf t
R3(config)#int lo0
R3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#desc EIGRP
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#int e0/0
R3(config-if)#desc EIGRP
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.13.2255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no sh
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#router eigrp 1
R3(config-router)#net 192.168.13.0
R3(config-router)#net 3.3.3.0
R3(config-router)#exit

R4配置：（OSPF路由協(xié)議）
R4#conf t
R4(config)#int lo0
R4(config-if)#desc OSPF
R4(config-if)#ip add 4.4.4.4255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#exit
R4(config)#int e0/0
R4(config-if)#desc OSPF
R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.14.2255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no sh
R4(config-if)#exit
R4(config)#router ospf 1
R4(config-router)#net 4.4.4.0255.255.255.0 area 0
R4(config-router)#net 192.168.14.0255.255.255.0 area 0
R4(config-router)#exit

R5配置：（IS-IS路由協(xié)議）
R5#conf t
R5(config)#int lo0
R5(config-if)#desc IS-IS
R5(config-if)#ip add 5.5.5.5255.255.255.0
R5(config-if)#ip router isis
R5(config-if)#exit
R5(config)#int e0/0
R5(config-if)#desc IS-IS
R5(config-if)#ip add 192.168.15.2255.255.255.0
R5(config-if)#ip router isis
R5(config-if)#no sh
R5(config-if)#exit
R5(config)#router isis
R5(config-router)#net49.0001.5555.5555.5555.00
R5(config-router)#exit

Branch配置（靜態(tài)路由）
Branch#conf t
Branch(config)#int lo0
Branch(config-if)#ip add 172.168.100.1255.255.255.0
Branch(config-if)#exit
Branch(config)#int fa0/0
Branch(config-if)#ip add 172.168.1.2255.255.255.0
Branch(config-if)#no sh
Branch(config-if)#exit
Branch(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0172.168.1.1 //回程路由

Internet配置：
Internet#conf t
Internet(config)#int lo0
Internet(config-if)#ip add 10.10.10.10255.255.255.0
Internet(config-if)#exit
Internet(config)#int s0/0
Internet(config-if)#clock rate 64000
Internet(config-if)#ip add 202.100.100.2255.255.255.0
Internet(config-if)#no sh
Internet(config-if)#exit
Internet(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0202.100.100.1 //回程路由

完成以上基本配置后R1上運(yùn)行多種路由協(xié)議，它可以與所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)互通，是網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的邊界路由。此時在它之上使用路由重分布功能，就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)各路由協(xié)議交換路由信息。下面開始

第一向R2的RIP協(xié)議注入靜態(tài)路由、默認(rèn)路由、直連路由、EIGRP、OSPF、ISIS,在向RIP區(qū)域重分布路由的時候，必須指定度量值，否則由于注入的路由度量值會變成無窮大而無法加入路由表，因此必須手工指定metric值，注意RIP的metric不能大于15，因?yàn)镽IP最大跳數(shù)為16，可以通過"default-metric"設(shè)置默認(rèn)種子度量值，只有重分布靜態(tài)路由或默認(rèn)路由可以不指定種子度量值。
R1#conf t
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#default-informationoriginate //注入默認(rèn)路由
R1(config-router)#redistribute  static//注入靜態(tài)路由
R1(config-router)#redistribute connectedmetric 6 //注入直連路由
R1(config-router)#redistribute  eigrp 1 metric 3//注入EIGRP路由
R1(config-router)#redistribute  ospf 1 metric 4//注入OSPF路由
R1(config-router)#redistribute  isis level-1-2 metric 5//注入ISIS路由

R2#sh ip rou //此時R2路由表變化。注意路由代碼為"R"的metric值；
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R -RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
      D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
      N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
      E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
      i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
      ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
      o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route、
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.12.1to network 0.0.0.0
C   192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
    1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R      1.1.1.0 [120/6] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:01, Ethernet0/0
R   192.168.13.0/24 [120/6] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:01, Ethernet0/0
    2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C      2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
R   192.168.14.0/24 [120/6] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:01, Ethernet0/0
R   3.0.0.0/8 [120/3] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:01, Ethernet0/0
R   192.168.15.0/24 [120/6] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:02, Ethernet0/0
    4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R      4.4.4.4 [120/4] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:02, Ethernet0/0
R   202.100.100.0/24 [120/6] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:02, Ethernet0/0
    5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R      5.5.5.0 [120/5] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:03, Ethernet0/0
    172.168.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
R      172.168.1.0 [120/6] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:03, Ethernet0/0
R      172.168.100.0 [120/1] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:03, Ethernet0/0
R*  0.0.0.0/0 [120/1] via 192.168.12.1, 00:00:03, Ethernet0/0

第二向R3的EIGRP路由協(xié)議注入靜態(tài)路由、默認(rèn)路由、直連路由、RIP、OSPF、ISIS，由于重分布到EIGRP的路由管理距離會變成無限大，所以必須手工分別設(shè)置帶寬、延遲、可靠性、負(fù)載以及MTU的參數(shù)值。在"Redistribute"命令中用參數(shù)"metric"指定的種子度量值優(yōu)先于在路由模式下使用"default-metric命令設(shè)定的默認(rèn)的種子度量值".注意靜態(tài)、默認(rèn)、直連不需要指定metric值
R1#conf t
R1(config)#router eigrp1
R1(config-router)#redistribute static //注入靜態(tài)和默認(rèn)路由,或使用network0.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#redistributeconnected//注入直連路由
R1(config-router)#redistribute ripmetric 1000 100 255 1 1500 //注入rip路由
R1(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1metric 1000 100 255 1 1500//注入OSPF路由
R1(config-router)#redistribute isislevel-1-2 metric 1000 100 255 1 1500//注入ISIS路由

R3#sh ip rou //R3路由表，重分布的路由代碼為"D EX"
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R -RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
      D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
      N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
      E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
      i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
      ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
      o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.13.1to network 0.0.0.0
D EX 192.168.12.0/24 [170/307200] via192.168.13.1, 00:00:04, Ethernet0/0
    1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D EX   1.1.1.0 [170/409600] via 192.168.13.1, 00:00:04, Ethernet0/0
C   192.168.13.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
    2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D EX   2.2.2.0 [170/2611200] via 192.168.13.1, 00:11:03, Ethernet0/0
D EX 192.168.14.0/24 [170/307200] via192.168.13.1, 00:00:04, Ethernet0/0
    3.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C      3.3.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
D      3.0.0.0/8 is a summary, 01:24:53, Null0
D EX 192.168.15.0/24 [170/307200] via 192.168.13.1,00:00:05, Ethernet0/0
    4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D EX   4.4.4.4 [170/2611200] via 192.168.13.1, 00:09:40, Ethernet0/0
D EX 202.100.100.0/24 [170/2195456] via192.168.13.1, 00:00:20, Ethernet0/0
    5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D EX   5.5.5.0 [170/2611200] via 192.168.13.1, 00:09:15, Ethernet0/0
    172.168.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
D EX   172.168.1.0 [170/284160] via 192.168.13.1, 00:00:20, Ethernet0/0
D EX   172.168.100.0 [170/284160] via 192.168.13.1, 00:20:35, Ethernet0/0
D*EX 0.0.0.0/0 [170/2195456] via192.168.13.1, 00:20:35, Ethernet0/0

第三向R4的OSPF路由協(xié)議注入靜態(tài)路由、默認(rèn)路由、直連路由、RIP、EIGRP、ISIS，重發(fā)布時管理距離為110且Metric為20，當(dāng)然可也以通過"metric-type"設(shè)置類型，或者"metric"參數(shù)設(shè)置外部路徑成本。注意在向ospf重發(fā)布是需要加上subnets，否則只重發(fā)布主類網(wǎng)
R1#conf t
R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#default-informationoriginate //注入默認(rèn)路由
R1(config-router)#redistribute connectedsubnets//注入直連路由
R1(config-router)#redistribute staticsubnets//注入靜態(tài)路由
R1(config-router)#redistribute ripsubnets//注入RIP路由
R1(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 1subnets//注入EIGRP路由
R1(config-router)#redistribute isislevel-1-2 subnets//注入ISIS路由

R4#ship rou//重分布進(jìn)OSPF的路由被路由器R4學(xué)到，代碼為"O E2"，
Codes:C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
      D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
      N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
      E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
      i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
      ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
      o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.14.1to network 0.0.0.0
O E2 192.168.12.0/24 [110/20] via192.168.14.1, 00:11:00, Ethernet0/0
    1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2   1.1.1.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:10:50, Ethernet0/0
O E2 192.168.13.0/24 [110/20] via192.168.14.1, 00:11:00, Ethernet0/0
    2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2   2.2.2.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:09:33, Ethernet0/0
C   192.168.14.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
O E2 3.0.0.0/8 [110/20] via192.168.14.1, 00:08:47, Ethernet0/0
O E2 192.168.15.0/24 [110/20] via192.168.14.1, 00:11:01, Ethernet0/0
    4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C      4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
O E2 202.100.100.0/24 [110/20] via192.168.14.1, 00:11:01, Ethernet0/0
    5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2   5.5.5.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:08:10, Ethernet0/0
    172.168.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
O E2   172.168.1.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:10:53, Ethernet0/0
O E2   172.168.100.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:10:18, Ethernet0/0
O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 192.168.14.1,00:11:58, Ethernet0/0

第四向R5的ISIS路由協(xié)議注入靜態(tài)路由、默認(rèn)路由、直連路由、RIP、EIGRP、ISIS，重發(fā)布時管理距離為115且Metric為10。當(dāng)把其他路由協(xié)議重分發(fā)到isis中時，必須使用level-2類型.默認(rèn)就是Level-2
R1#conf t
R1(config)#router isis
R1(config-router)#default-informationoriginate //注入默認(rèn)路由
R1(config-router)#redistribute static//注入靜態(tài)路由
R1(config-router)#redistribute connected//注入直連路由
R1(config-router)#redistribute rip//注入RIP路由
R1(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1//注入OSPF路由
R1(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 1//注入EIGRP路由

R5#sh ip rou //R5的路由表
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R -RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
      D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
      N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
      E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
      i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
      ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
      o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.15.1to network 0.0.0.0
i L2 192.168.12.0/24 [115/10] via192.168.15.1, Ethernet0/0
    1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L2   1.1.1.0 [115/10] via 192.168.15.1, Ethernet0/0
i L2 192.168.13.0/24 [115/10] via192.168.15.1, Ethernet0/0
    2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L2   2.2.2.0 [115/10] via 192.168.15.1, Ethernet0/0
i L2 192.168.14.0/24 [115/10] via192.168.15.1, Ethernet0/0
i L2 3.0.0.0/8 [115/10] via192.168.15.1, Ethernet0/0
C   192.168.15.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
    4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L2   4.4.4.4 [115/10] via 192.168.15.1, Ethernet0/0
i L2 202.100.100.0/24 [115/10] via192.168.15.1, Ethernet0/0
    5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C      5.5.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
    172.168.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
i L2   172.168.1.0 [115/10] via 192.168.15.1, Ethernet0/0
i L2    172.168.100.0 [115/10] via 192.168.15.1,Ethernet0/0
i*L2 0.0.0.0/0 [115/10] via192.168.15.1, Ethernet0/0

實(shí)驗(yàn)二、多點(diǎn)多向路由重發(fā)布
R2配置：（邊界路由）
R2#conft
R2(config)#inte0/0
R2(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.21.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#nosh
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#inte0/1
R2(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.24.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#nosh
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#inte0/2
R2(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.25.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#nosh
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#inte0/3
R2(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.26.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#iprouter isis
R2(config-if)#nosh
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#routerrip
R2(config-router)#ver2
R2(config-router)#noau
R2(config-router)#net192.168.21.0
R2(config-router)#exit
R2(config)#routereigrp 1
R2(config-router)#net192.168.24.0
R2(config-router)#exit
R2(config)#routerospf 1
R2(config-router)#net192.168.25.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
R2(config-router)#exit
R2(config)#routerisis
R2(config-router)#net49.0001.2222.2222.2222.00
R2(config-router)#exit

R3配置（邊界路由器）
R3#conft
R3(config)#inte0/0
R3(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.31.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#nosh
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#inte0/1
R3(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.34.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#nosh
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#inte0/2
R3(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.35.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#nosh
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#inte0/3
R3(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.36.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#iprouter isis
R3(config-if)#nosh
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#routerrip
R3(config-router)#ver2
R3(config-router)#noau
R3(config-router)#net192.168.31.0
R3(config-router)#exit
R3(config)#routereigrp 1
R3(config-router)#net192.168.34.0
R3(config-router)#exit
R3(config)#routerospf 1
R3(config-router)#net192.168.35.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
R3(config-router)#exit
R3(config)#routerisis
R3(config-router)#net49.0001.3333.3333.3333.00
R3(config-router)#exit

R1配置（rip路由協(xié)議）
R1#conft
R1(config)#inte0/0
R1(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.21.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#nosh
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#inte0/1
R1(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.31.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#nosh
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config-if)#ipadd 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#routerrip
R1(config-router)#ver2
R1(config-router)#noau
R1(config-router)#net192.168.21.0
R1(config-router)#noau
R1(config-router)#net192.168.31.0
R1(config-router)#net1.1.1.0

R4配置（eigrp路由）
R4#conft
R4(config)#inte0/0
R4(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.24.4 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#nosh
R4(config-if)#exit
R4(config)#inte0/1
R4(config-if)#ipadd 192.168.34.4 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#nosh
R4(config-if)#exit
R4(config)#routereigrp 1
R4(config-router)#net192.168.34.0
R4(config-router)#net192.168.24.0

第一向R1的RIP路由協(xié)議注入EIGRP、OSPF、ISIS
R2#conft
R2(config)#routerrip
R2(config-router)#default-metric4
R2(config-router)#redistributeeigrp 1
R2(config-router)#redistributeospf 1
R2(config-router)#redistributeisis level-1-2

R3#conft
R3(config)#routerrip
R3(config-router)#default-metric4
R3(config-router)#redistributeeigrp 1
R3(config-router)#redistributeospf 1
R3(config-router)#redistributeisis level-1-2

第二向R4的EIGRP路由協(xié)議注入RIP、OSPF、ISIS
R2#conft
R2(config)#routereigrp 1
R2(config-router)#default-metric1000 2500 255 1 1500
R2(config-router)#redistributerip
R2(config-router)#redistributeospf 1
R2(config-router)#redistributeisis level-1-2

R3#conft
R3(config)#routereigrp 1
R3(config-router)#default-metric1000 2500 255 1 1500
R3(config-router)#redistributerip
R3(config-router)#redistributeospf 1
R3(config-router)#redistributeisis level-1-2

第三向R5的OSPF路由協(xié)議中注入RIP、EIGRP、ISIS
R2#conft
R2(config)#routerospf 1
R2(config-router)#redistributerip subnets
R2(config-router)#redistributeeigrp 1 subnets
R2(config-router)#redistributeisis level-1-2 subnets

R3#conft
R3(config)#routerospf 1
R3(config-router)#redistributerip subnets
R3(config-router)#redistributeeigrp 1 subnets
R3(config-router)#redistributeisis level-1-2 subnets

第四向R6的ISIS路由協(xié)議注入RIP、EIGRP、OSPF
R2#conf t
R2(config)#routerisis
R2(config-router)#redistributerip level-2
R2(config-router)#redistributeeigrp 1 level-2
R2(config-router)#redistributeospf 1 level-2

R3#conft
R3(config-router)#redistributerip level-2
R3(config-router)#redistributeeigrp 1 level-2
R3(config-router)#redistributeospf 1 level-2

先查看R2和R3的路由表，留意紅色標(biāo)記的路由，其實(shí)并不是最佳路由，也就是說出現(xiàn)了次優(yōu)路由。
R2#ship rou
Codes:C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route
       o- ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gatewayof last resort is not set
     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L2    1.1.1.0 [115/20] via192.168.26.6, Ethernet0/3
O E2 192.168.31.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.5, 00:15:21,Ethernet0/2
C    192.168.25.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/2
D    4.0.0.0/8 [90/409600] via 192.168.24.4,01:46:16, Ethernet0/1
C    192.168.24.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/1
     5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       5.5.5.5 [110/11] via 192.168.25.5,00:15:21, Ethernet0/2
     6.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
iL1    6.6.6.0 [115/20] via 192.168.26.6,Ethernet0/3
C    192.168.26.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/3
C    192.168.21.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/0
i L1192.168.36.0/24 [115/20] via 192.168.26.6, Ethernet0/3
D    192.168.34.0/24 [90/307200] via192.168.24.4, 01:46:19, Ethernet0/1
O    192.168.35.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.5,00:15:25, Ethernet0/2

R3#ship rou
Codes:C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D- EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute
Gatewayof last resort is not set
     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2    1.1.1.0 [110/20] via192.168.35.5, 00:23:48, Ethernet0/2
C    192.168.31.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/0
O    192.168.25.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.35.5,00:23:48, Ethernet0/2
D    4.0.0.0/8 [90/409600] via 192.168.34.4,01:54:22, Ethernet0/1
D    192.168.24.0/24 [90/307200] via192.168.34.4, 01:54:22, Ethernet0/1
     5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       5.5.5.5 [110/11] via 192.168.35.5,00:23:48, Ethernet0/2
     6.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2   6.6.6.0 [110/20] via 192.168.35.5, 00:23:50, Ethernet0/2
i L1192.168.26.0/24 [115/20] via 192.168.36.6, Ethernet0/3
O E2 192.168.21.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.35.5, 00:23:50,Ethernet0/2
C    192.168.36.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/3
C    192.168.34.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/1
C    192.168.35.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/2

分析：在單點(diǎn)重分發(fā)下似乎沒有這種情況，這是因?yàn)榘l(fā)往一個方向的路由不會被重分發(fā)回來。但是在多點(diǎn)雙向時情況就不同了，自己分發(fā)出去的路由會被另一個協(xié)議重分發(fā)回來的。如果AD值高的路由協(xié)議向AD值低的路由協(xié)議中重分發(fā)，就會產(chǎn)生次優(yōu)路由，路由環(huán)路等問題，反之，AD值低的路由協(xié)議向AD高的路由協(xié)議重分發(fā)，就不會發(fā)生這個問題。注意錯誤發(fā)生在邊界路由器上。此時就要使用路由策略來解決，方法如下
路由過濾不讓產(chǎn)生環(huán)路的路由條目進(jìn)入我這臺路由器，這樣也就不會產(chǎn)生次優(yōu)路徑了
修改管理距離AD 把次優(yōu)路由條目的AD值調(diào)高，高到路由器即便看到兩條路由條目去往同一目的地，也不會把次優(yōu)路由寫入路由表。這種方法比前一種好在如果最佳路徑down了，次優(yōu)路由變成備份路由使用。

這里我們修改管理距離，然后再次查看每個路由器的路由表，注意R1、R4、R5、R6間的負(fù)載均衡。
R2#conf t
R2(config)#routerrip
R2(config-router)#distance111 //修改RIP外部路由的管理距離，使小于ISIS、ospf 、Eigrp
R2(config-router)#exit
R2(config)#routerospf 1
R2(config-router)#distanceospf external 170 //修改OSPF的管理距離大于isis 和rip，等于eigrp

R3#conf t
R3(config)#routerrip
R3(config-router)#distance111
R3(config-router)#exit
R3(config)#routerospf 1
R3(config-router)#distanceospf external 170

R2#ship rou
Codes:C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route
       o- ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gatewayof last resort is not set
     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R       1.1.1.0 [111/1] via 192.168.21.1,00:00:04, Ethernet0/0
R    192.168.31.0/24 [111/1] via 192.168.21.1,00:00:04, Ethernet0/0
C    192.168.25.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/2
D    4.0.0.0/8 [90/409600] via 192.168.24.4,00:00:04, Ethernet0/1
C    192.168.24.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/1
     5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       5.5.5.5 [110/11] via 192.168.25.5,00:00:04, Ethernet0/2
     6.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
iL1    6.6.6.0 [115/20] via 192.168.26.6,Ethernet0/3
C    192.168.26.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/3
C    192.168.21.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/0
i L1192.168.36.0/24 [115/20] via 192.168.26.6, Ethernet0/3
D    192.168.34.0/24 [90/307200] via192.168.24.4, 00:00:08, Ethernet0/1
O    192.168.35.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.5,00:00:08, Ethernet0/2

R3#ship rou
Codes:C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute
Gatewayof last resort is not set
     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R       1.1.1.0 [111/1] via 192.168.31.1,00:00:00, Ethernet0/0
C    192.168.31.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/0
O    192.168.25.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.35.5,00:00:01, Ethernet0/2
D    4.0.0.0/8 [90/409600] via 192.168.34.4,00:00:01, Ethernet0/1
D    192.168.24.0/24 [90/307200] via192.168.34.4, 00:00:01, Ethernet0/1
     5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       5.5.5.5 [110/11] via 192.168.35.5,00:00:01, Ethernet0/2
     6.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
iL1    6.6.6.0 [115/20] via 192.168.36.6,Ethernet0/3
i L1192.168.26.0/24 [115/20] via 192.168.36.6, Ethernet0/3
R    192.168.21.0/24 [111/1] via 192.168.31.1,00:00:02, Ethernet0/0
C    192.168.36.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/3
C    192.168.34.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/1
C    192.168.35.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/2

R1#ship rou
Codes:C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute
Gatewayof last resort is not set
     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C    192.168.31.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/1
R    192.168.25.0/24 [120/4] via 192.168.31.3,00:00:20, Ethernet0/1
                     [120/4] via 192.168.21.2,00:00:14, Ethernet0/0
R    4.0.0.0/8 [120/4] via 192.168.31.3,00:00:20, Ethernet0/1
               [120/4] via 192.168.21.2,00:00:14, Ethernet0/0
R    192.168.24.0/24 [120/4] via 192.168.31.3,00:00:20, Ethernet0/1
                     [120/4] via 192.168.21.2,00:00:14, Ethernet0/0
     5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R       5.5.5.5 [120/4] via 192.168.31.3,00:00:22, Ethernet0/1
                [120/4] via 192.168.21.2,00:00:16, Ethernet0/0
     6.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R       6.6.6.0 [120/4] via 192.168.31.3,00:00:24, Ethernet0/1
                [120/4] via 192.168.21.2,00:00:17, Ethernet0/0
R    192.168.26.0/24 [120/4] via 192.168.31.3,00:00:24, Ethernet0/1
C    192.168.21.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/0
R    192.168.36.0/24 [120/4] via 192.168.21.2,00:00:17, Ethernet0/0
R    192.168.34.0/24 [120/4] via 192.168.31.3,00:00:24, Ethernet0/1
                     [120/4] via 192.168.21.2,00:00:17, Ethernet0/0
R    192.168.35.0/24 [120/4] via 192.168.31.3,00:00:24, Ethernet0/1
                     [120/4] via 192.168.21.2,00:00:17, Ethernet0/0

R4#ship rou
Codes:C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute
Gatewayof last resort is not set
     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
DEX    1.1.1.0 [170/3225600] via192.168.34.3, 00:00:07, Ethernet0/1
                [170/3225600] via 192.168.24.2,00:00:07, Ethernet0/0
D EX192.168.31.0/24 [170/3225600] via 192.168.34.3, 00:00:07, Ethernet0/1
                     [170/3225600] via192.168.24.2, 00:00:07, Ethernet0/0
D EX192.168.25.0/24 [170/3225600] via 192.168.34.3, 00:00:07, Ethernet0/1
                     [170/3225600] via192.168.24.2, 00:00:07, Ethernet0/0
     4.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2subnets, 2 masks
C       4.4.4.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
D       4.0.0.0/8 is a summary, 00:00:09, Null0
C    192.168.24.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/0
     5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
DEX    5.5.5.5 [170/3225600] via192.168.34.3, 00:00:09, Ethernet0/1
                [170/3225600] via 192.168.24.2,00:00:09, Ethernet0/0
     6.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
DEX    6.6.6.0 [170/3225600] via192.168.34.3, 00:00:10, Ethernet0/1
                [170/3225600] via 192.168.24.2,00:00:10, Ethernet0/0
D EX192.168.26.0/24 [170/3225600] via 192.168.34.3, 00:00:10, Ethernet0/1
D EX192.168.21.0/24 [170/3225600] via 192.168.34.3, 00:00:10, Ethernet0/1
                     [170/3225600] via192.168.24.2, 00:00:10, Ethernet0/0
D EX192.168.36.0/24 [170/3225600] via 192.168.24.2, 00:00:10, Ethernet0/0
C    192.168.34.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/1
D EX192.168.35.0/24 [170/3225600] via 192.168.34.3, 00:00:10, Ethernet0/1
                     [170/3225600] via192.168.24.2, 00:00:10, Ethernet0/0

R5# ship rou
Codes:C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute
Gatewayof last resort is not set
     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
OE2    1.1.1.0 [110/20] via 192.168.35.3,00:00:02, Ethernet0/1
                [110/20] via 192.168.25.2,00:00:02, Ethernet0/0
O E2192.168.31.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.35.3, 00:00:02, Ethernet0/1
                     [110/20] via 192.168.25.2,00:00:02, Ethernet0/0
C    192.168.25.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/0
O E24.0.0.0/8 [110/20] via 192.168.35.3, 00:00:02, Ethernet0/1
               [110/20] via 192.168.25.2,00:00:02, Ethernet0/0
O E2192.168.24.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.35.3, 00:00:04, Ethernet0/1
                     [110/20] via 192.168.25.2,00:00:04, Ethernet0/0
     5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       5.5.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     6.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
OE2    6.6.6.0 [110/20] via 192.168.35.3,00:00:06, Ethernet0/1
                [110/20] via 192.168.25.2,00:00:06, Ethernet0/0
O E2192.168.26.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.35.3, 00:00:06, Ethernet0/1
O E2192.168.21.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.35.3, 00:00:06, Ethernet0/1
                     [110/20] via 192.168.25.2,00:00:06, Ethernet0/0
O E2192.168.36.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:06, Ethernet0/0
O E2192.168.34.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.35.3, 00:00:06, Ethernet0/1
                     [110/20] via 192.168.25.2,00:00:06, Ethernet0/0
C    192.168.35.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/1

R6#ship rou
Codes:C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPFexternal type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidatedefault, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded staticroute
Gatewayof last resort is not set
     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
iL2    1.1.1.0 [115/10] via 192.168.36.3,Ethernet0/1
                [115/10] via 192.168.26.2,Ethernet0/0
i L2192.168.31.0/24 [115/10] via 192.168.36.3, Ethernet0/1
                     [115/10] via 192.168.26.2,Ethernet0/0
i L2192.168.25.0/24 [115/10] via 192.168.36.3, Ethernet0/1
                     [115/10] via 192.168.26.2,Ethernet0/0
i L24.0.0.0/8 [115/10] via 192.168.36.3, Ethernet0/1
               [115/10] via 192.168.26.2,Ethernet0/0
i L2192.168.24.0/24 [115/10] via 192.168.36.3, Ethernet0/1
                     [115/10] via 192.168.26.2,Ethernet0/0
     5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
iL2    5.5.5.5 [115/10] via 192.168.36.3,Ethernet0/1
                [115/10] via 192.168.26.2,Ethernet0/0
     6.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       6.6.6.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C    192.168.26.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/0
i L2192.168.21.0/24 [115/10] via 192.168.36.3, Ethernet0/1
                     [115/10] via 192.168.26.2,Ethernet0/0
C    192.168.36.0/24 is directly connected,Ethernet0/1
i L2192.168.34.0/24 [115/10] via 192.168.36.3, Ethernet0/1
                     [115/10] via 192.168.26.2,Ethernet0/0
i L2192.168.35.0/24 [115/10] via 192.168.36.3, Ethernet0/1
                     [115/10] via 192.168.26.2,Eth

本文題目：CCNP路由實(shí)驗(yàn)之八路由重發(fā)布
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