在實(shí)踐中了解Java反射機(jī)制應(yīng)用

String s = "ziwenxie";
Class<?> c = s.getClass();

Class<?> c = Class.forName("java.lang.String");

Class<?> c = String.class;

package typeinfo.interfacea;
public interface A { void f(); }

package typeinfo.packageaccess;
import typeinfo.interfacea.A;
class C implements A {
public void f() { System.out.println("public C.f()"); }
public void g() { System.out.println("public C.g()"); }
protected void v () { System.out.println("protected C.v()"); }
void u() { System.out.println("package C.u()"); }
private void w() { System.out.println("private C.w()"); }
}
public class HiddenC {
public static A makeA() { return new C(); }
}

package typeinfo;
import typeinfo.interfacea.A;
import typeinfo.packageaccess.HiddenC;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class HiddenImplementation {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
A a = HiddenC.makeA();
a.f();
System.out.println(a.getClass().getName());
// Oops! Reflection still allows us to call g():
callHiddenMethod(a, "g");
// And even methods that are less accessible!
callHiddenMethod(a, "u");
callHiddenMethod(a, "v");
callHiddenMethod(a, "w");
}
static void callHiddenMethod(Object a, String methodName) throws Exception {
Method g = a.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(methodName);
g.setAccessible(true);
g.invoke(a);
}
}

public C.f()
typeinfo.packageaccess.C
public C.g()
package C.u()
protected C.v()
private C.w()

public class Pet extends Individual {
public Pet(String name) { super(name); }
public Pet() { super(); }
}
public class Cat extends Pet {
public Cat(String name) { super(name); }
public Cat() { super(); }
}
public class Dog extends Pet {
public Dog(String name) { super(name); }
public Dog() { super(); }
}
public class EgyptianMau extends Cat {
public EgyptianMau(String name) { super(name); }
public EgyptianMau() { super(); }
}
public class Mutt extends Dog {
public Mutt(String name) { super(name); }
public Mutt() { super(); }
}

public class Individual implements Comparable<Individual> {
private static long counter = 0;
private final long id = counter++;
private String name; // name is optional
public Individual(String name) { this.name = name; }
public Individual() {}
public String toString() {
return getClass().getSimpleName() + (name == null ? "" : " " + name);
}
public long id() { return id; }
public boolean equals(Object o) {
return o instanceof Individual && id == ((Individual)o).id;
}
public int hashCode() {
int result = 17;
if (name != null) {
result = 37 * result + name.hashCode();
}
result = 37 * result + (int) id;
return result;
}
public int compareTo(Individual arg) {
// Compare by class name first:
String first = getClass().getSimpleName();
String argFirst = arg.getClass().getSimpleName();
int firstCompare = first.compareTo(argFirst);
if (firstCompare != 0) {
return firstCompare;
}
if (name != null && arg.name != null) {
int secendCompare = name.compareTo(arg.name);
if (secendCompare != 0) {
return secendCompare;
}
}
return (arg.id < id ? -1 : (arg.id == id ? 0 : 1));
}
}

public abstract class PetCreator {
private Random rand = new Random(47);
// The List of the different getTypes of Pet to create:
public abstract List<Class<? extends Pet>> getTypes();
public Pet randomPet() {
// Create one random Pet
int n = rand.nextInt(getTypes().size());
try {
return getTypes().get(n).newInstance();
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public Pet[] createArray(int size) {
Pet[] result = new Pet[size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
result[i] = randomPet();
}
return result;
}
public ArrayList<Pet> arrayList(int size) {
ArrayList<Pet> result = new ArrayList<Pet>();
Collections.addAll(result, createArray(size));
return result;
}
}

public class LiteralPetCreator extends PetCreator {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static final List<Class<? extends Pet>> allTypes = Collections.unmodifiableList(
Arrays.asList(Pet.class, Dog.class, Cat.class, Mutt.class, EgyptianMau.class));
private static final List<Class<? extends Pet>> types = allTypes.subList(
allTypes.indexOf(Mutt.class), allTypes.size());
public List<Class<? extends Pet>> getTypes() {
return types;
}
}

public class TypeCounter extends HashMap<Class<?>, Integer> {
private Class<?> baseType;
public TypeCounter(Class<?> baseType) {
this.baseType = baseType;
}
public void count(Object obj) {
Class<?> type = obj.getClass();
if (!baseType.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
obj + " incorrect type " + type + ", should be type or subtype of " + baseType);
}
countClass(type);
}
private void countClass(Class<?> type) {
Integer quantity = get(type);
put(type, quantity == null ? 1 : quantity + 1);
Class<?> superClass = type.getSuperclass();
if (superClass != null && baseType.isAssignableFrom(superClass)) {
countClass(superClass);
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder("{");
for (Map.Entry<Class<?>, Integer> pair : entrySet()) {
result.append(pair.getKey().getSimpleName());
result.append("=");
result.append(pair.getValue());
result.append(", ");
}
result.delete(result.length() - 2, result.length());
result.append("} ");
return result.toString();
}
}