RestFramework：三、HyperlinkedidentityField用法

 一、HyperlinkedIdentityField(用的很少)

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環(huán)境配置：

1、使django支持MySQL(不再介紹)

2、settings.py文件INSTALLED_APPS字段中添加"rest_framework"

urls.py

url(r'^books/', views.Books.as_view()),
url(r'^publish/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.Publish.as_view(),name='ttt'),

app01/server.py

from rest_framework import serializers

class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    nid = serializers.CharField()
    name = serializers.CharField()
    age = serializers.CharField()

class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    name = serializers.CharField()
    # publish = serializers.CharField()
    # 把名字換成鏈接地址,# view_name:路由的別名 # lookup_field:根據(jù)表指定字段，來(lái)拼路徑，生成鏈接 # lookup_url_kwarg：默認(rèn)是pk，（urls.py中的 publish/(?P<pk>\d+)，指定的pk）可以不寫(xiě)，反向解析有名分組的名字。
    publish = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='ttt',lookup_field='publish_id',lookup_url_kwarg='pk')

views.py

from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse,render
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from django.http import JsonResponse
from app01 import models
from app01.server import BookSerializer
# Create your views here.
class Books(APIView):
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        ret=models.Book.objects.all()
        book_ser=BookSerializer(ret,many=True,context={'request':request})
        print(book_ser.data)
        return JsonResponse(book_ser.data,safe=False)
class Publish(APIView):
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        return HttpResponse('ok')

models.py

from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)
    publish_date = models.DateField()
    # 外鍵對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表中的字段名后面會(huì)自動(dòng)加"_id"        # on_delete=models.CASCADE 級(jí)聯(lián)刪除
    publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    # ManyToManyField 自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建第三張表，本表名_到你對(duì)應(yīng)多的表名名字，自動(dòng)幫你把表名轉(zhuǎn)小寫(xiě)
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author')
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
class Author(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField()
    author_detail = models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDatail', to_field='nid', unique=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

class AuthorDatail(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    telephone = models.BigIntegerField()
    birthday = models.DateField()
    addr = models.CharField(max_length=64)

class Publish(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField()
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
    def test(self):
        return self.email

最后使用：

python3 manage makemigrations
python3 manage migrate

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的表中添加數(shù)據(jù)：

使用postman驗(yàn)證：

總結(jié)：

-1 publish = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='ttt',lookup_field='publish_id',lookup_url_kwarg='pky')

-2 view_name:路由的別名,lookup_field:根據(jù)表的哪個(gè)字段,來(lái)拼路徑,lookup_url_kwarg:反向解析有名分組的名字

-3 寫(xiě)路由:url(r'^publish/(?P<pky>\d+)', views.Publish.as_view(),name='ttt'),

-4 實(shí)例化序列化類(lèi)的時(shí)候,需要把request對(duì)象傳過(guò)去

book_ser=BookSerializer(ret,many=True,context={'request': request})

二、序列化組件的反序列化和保存

環(huán)境配置：

1、使django支持mysql(不再介紹)

2、settings.py文件INSTALLED_APPS字段中添加"rest_framework"

urls.py

url(r'^books/', views.Books.as_view()),
url(r'^publish/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.Publish.as_view(), name='ttt'),

models.py

from django.db import models


# Create your models here.

class Book(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)
    publish_date = models.DateField()
    # 外鍵對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表中的字段名后面會(huì)自動(dòng)加"_id"        # on_delete=models.CASCADE 級(jí)聯(lián)刪除
    publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    # ManyToManyField 自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建第三張表，本表名_到你對(duì)應(yīng)多的表名名字，自動(dòng)幫你把表名轉(zhuǎn)小寫(xiě)
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Author(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField()
    author_detail = models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDatail', to_field='nid', unique=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)


class AuthorDatail(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    telephone = models.BigIntegerField()
    birthday = models.DateField()
    addr = models.CharField(max_length=64)


class Publish(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    def test(self):
        return self.email

app01/server.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from app01 import models

class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    nid = serializers.CharField()
    name = serializers.CharField()
    age = serializers.CharField()

class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Book
        fields = '__all__'
    authors = serializers.CharField(required=False)

views.py

from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, render
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from django.http import JsonResponse
from app01 import models
from app01.server import BookSerializer


# Create your views here.
class Books(APIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        ret = models.Book.objects.all()
        book_ser = BookSerializer(ret, many=True, context={'request': request})
        print(book_ser.data)
        return JsonResponse(book_ser.data, safe=False)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # 前端傳過(guò)來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)從data中取
        # 用序列化類(lèi)的數(shù)據(jù)校驗(yàn)
        # data參數(shù),是要校驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)
        response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '成功'}
        ser = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            # 如果數(shù)據(jù)校驗(yàn)通過(guò),is_valid是True
            # 保存到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),ser是誰(shuí)的對(duì)象?繼承了ModelSerializer的類(lèi)的對(duì)象
            ser.save()
        else:
            response['status'] = 101
            response['msg'] = ser.errors
        return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)


class Publish(APIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return HttpResponse('ok')

使用postman提交數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證：

{

"name":"水滸傳",

"price":"23.00",

"publish_date":"2018-12-01",

"publish":1

}

---

app01/server.py

# 其他一樣，只是加了這一段,驗(yàn)證

 # name = serializers.CharField(min_length=3, error_messages={'required': '該字段必填','min_length':'最短3位'})

from rest_framework import serializers
from app01 import models


class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    nid = serializers.CharField()
    name = serializers.CharField()
    age = serializers.CharField()

class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Book
        fields = '__all__'

    name = serializers.CharField(min_length=3, error_messages={'required': '該字段必填','min_length':'最短3位'})
    authors = serializers.CharField(required=False)

# 使用postman post提交數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證

---

三、序列化組件修改功能

環(huán)境與上面一樣

urls.py

url(r'^books/$', views.Books.as_view()),
url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.BooksDetail.as_view()),

app01/server.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from app01 import models

class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    nid = serializers.CharField()
    name = serializers.CharField()
    age = serializers.CharField()

class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Book
        fields = '__all__'

    name = serializers.CharField(min_length=3, error_messages={'required': '該字段必填','min_length':'最短3位'})
    authors = serializers.CharField(required=False)

views.py

from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, render
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from django.http import JsonResponse
from app01 import models
from app01.server import BookSerializer


# Create your views here.
class BooksDetail(APIView):
    def get(self, request,pk):
        response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '成功'}
        ret = models.Book.objects.all().filter(pk=pk).first()
        if ret:
            # 序列化單條，many=False
            book_ser = BookSerializer(ret, many=False)
            print(book_ser.data)
            response['data']=book_ser.data
        else:
            response['status']=101
            response['msg']='查詢(xún)不存在'
        return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)

    def put(self,request,pk):
        response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '成功'}
        ret = models.Book.objects.all().filter(pk=pk).first()
        if ret:
            # 數(shù)據(jù)校驗(yàn)
            # 傳instance和不傳instance,傳instance的區(qū)別
            # 不傳instance,調(diào)save(),往數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)新增數(shù)據(jù)
            # 傳instance,調(diào)save(),修改數(shù)據(jù)
            ser=BookSerializer(data=request.data,instance=ret)
            if ser.is_valid():
                ser.save()
            else:
                response['status']=101
                response['msg']=ser.errors
        else:
            response['status']=102
            response['msg']='修改的對(duì)象不存在'
        return JsonResponse(response,safe=False)

class Books(APIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        ret = models.Book.objects.all()
        book_ser = BookSerializer(ret, many=True, context={'request': request})
        print(book_ser.data)
        return JsonResponse(book_ser.data, safe=False)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # 前端傳過(guò)來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)從data中取
        # 用序列化類(lèi)的數(shù)據(jù)校驗(yàn)
        # data參數(shù),是要校驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)
        response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '成功'}
        ser = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            # 如果數(shù)據(jù)校驗(yàn)通過(guò),is_valid是True
            # 保存到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),ser是誰(shuí)的對(duì)象?繼承了ModelSerializer的類(lèi)的對(duì)象
            ser.save()
        else:
            response['status'] = 101
            response['msg'] = ser.errors
        return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)

class Publish(APIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return HttpResponse('ok')

models.py不變

python3 manage makemigrations
python3 manage migrate

使用postman 的put請(qǐng)求方式修改數(shù)據(jù)

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)查看數(shù)據(jù)

總結(jié)：

   -序列化組件的數(shù)據(jù)校驗(yàn)

   -類(lèi)比f(wàn)orms組件

   -字段是否必填,通過(guò)required,來(lái)控制 authors=serializers.CharField(required=False)

   -數(shù)據(jù)校驗(yàn),生成一個(gè)序列化類(lèi)的對(duì)象

   -對(duì)象.is_valid()

   -新增數(shù)據(jù):

   -對(duì)象.save()

   -修改數(shù)據(jù):

   -在生成對(duì)象的時(shí)候,需要傳instanse=查詢(xún)出來(lái)的對(duì)象

   -對(duì)象.save()

四、序列化組件數(shù)據(jù)校驗(yàn)功能的鉤子函數(shù)

    -局部

    -全局

環(huán)境與以上配置一樣，只有這個(gè)文件不一樣。

局部鉤子：

app01/server.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from app01 import models
from rest_framework.exceptions import ValidationError

class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    nid = serializers.CharField()
    name = serializers.CharField()
    age = serializers.CharField()

class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Book
        fields = '__all__'

    name = serializers.CharField(min_length=3, error_messages={'required': '該字段必填','min_length':'最短3位'})
    authors = serializers.CharField(required=False)

    # 局部鉤子
    def validate_name(self,value):
        print(value)
        if value.startswith('sb'):
            raise ValidationError('不能以sb開(kāi)頭')
        else:
            return value

使用postman 驗(yàn)證

全局鉤子：

app01/server.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from app01 import models
from rest_framework.exceptions import ValidationError

class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    nid = serializers.CharField()
    name = serializers.CharField()
    age = serializers.CharField()

class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Book
        fields = '__all__'

    name = serializers.CharField(min_length=3, error_messages={'required': '該字段必填','min_length':'最短3位'})
    authors = serializers.CharField(required=False)

    # 全局鉤子
    # value是所有效驗(yàn)通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)的字典
    def validate(self, value):
        name=value.get('name')
        price=value.get('price')
        if name and price:
            if str(name)==str(price):
                return value
            else:
                raise ValidationError('名字跟價(jià)格不相等')
        return value

使用postman驗(yàn)證：

五、認(rèn)證組件初始

urls.py

url(r'^books/$', views.Books.as_view()),
url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.BooksDetail.as_view()),
url(r'^publish/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.Publish.as_view(), name='ttt'),
url(r'^login/', views.login.as_view()),

app01/server.py (與之前一樣，沒(méi)改過(guò))

from rest_framework import serializers
from app01 import models
from rest_framework.exceptions import ValidationError

class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    nid = serializers.CharField()
    name = serializers.CharField()
    age = serializers.CharField()

class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Book
        fields = '__all__'

    name = serializers.CharField(min_length=3, error_messages={'required': '該字段必填','min_length':'最短3位'})
    authors = serializers.CharField(required=False)

    # 局部鉤子
    def validate_name(self,value):
        print(value)
        if value.startswith('sb'):
            raise ValidationError('不能以sb開(kāi)頭')
        else:
            return value
    # 全局鉤子
    # value是所有效驗(yàn)通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)的字典
    def validate(self, value):
        name=value.get('name')
        price=value.get('price')
        if name and price:
            if str(name)==str(price):
                return value
            else:
                raise ValidationError('名字跟價(jià)格不相等')
        return value

views.py

from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, render
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from django.http import JsonResponse
from app01 import models
from app01.server import BookSerializer

# Create your views here.
from rest_framework import exceptions


class Auth():
    def authenticate(self, request):
        # 請(qǐng)求來(lái)的東西都能拿出來(lái)
        # 包裝后的request對(duì)象,請(qǐng)求來(lái)的所有東西都能拿出來(lái)
        # 如果認(rèn)證通過(guò),需要返回東西,如果認(rèn)證不通過(guò),要拋異常
        token = request.GET.get('token')
        ret = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()
        # 如果有值,說(shuō)明登錄過(guò)了,而且?guī)У碾S機(jī)字符串也是正確的
        if ret:
            return None
        else:
            # 如果沒(méi)有值,拋異常
            raise exceptions.APIException('請(qǐng)登錄')


from rest_framework.request import Request


class BooksDetail(APIView):
    authentication_classes = [Auth]

    def get(self, request, pk):
        response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '成功'}
        ret = models.Book.objects.all().filter(pk=pk).first()
        if ret:
            # 序列化單條，many=False
            book_ser = BookSerializer(ret, many=False)
            print(book_ser.data)
            response['data'] = book_ser.data
        else:
            response['status'] = 101
            response['msg'] = '查詢(xún)不存在'
        return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)

    def put(self, request, pk):
        response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '成功'}
        ret = models.Book.objects.all().filter(pk=pk).first()
        if ret:
            # 數(shù)據(jù)校驗(yàn)
            # 傳instance和不傳instance,傳instance的區(qū)別
            # 不傳instance,調(diào)save(),往數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)新增數(shù)據(jù)
            # 傳instance,調(diào)save(),修改數(shù)據(jù)
            ser = BookSerializer(data=request.data, instance=ret)
            if ser.is_valid():
                ser.save()
            else:
                response['status'] = 101
                response['msg'] = ser.errors
        else:
            response['status'] = 102
            response['msg'] = '修改的對(duì)象不存在'
        return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)


class Books(APIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        ret = models.Book.objects.all()
        book_ser = BookSerializer(ret, many=True, context={'request': request})
        print(book_ser.data)
        return JsonResponse(book_ser.data, safe=False)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # 前端傳過(guò)來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)從data中取
        # 用序列化類(lèi)的數(shù)據(jù)校驗(yàn)
        # data參數(shù),是要校驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)
        response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '成功'}
        ser = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            # 如果數(shù)據(jù)校驗(yàn)通過(guò),is_valid是True
            # 保存到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),ser是誰(shuí)的對(duì)象?繼承了ModelSerializer的類(lèi)的對(duì)象
            ser.save()
        else:
            response['status'] = 101
            response['msg'] = ser.errors
        return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)


class Publish(APIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return HttpResponse('ok')


import uuid


class login(APIView):
    def post(self, request):
        response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '登錄成功'}
        name = request.data.get('name')
        pwd = request.data.get('pwd')
        user = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(name=name, pwd=pwd).first()
        if not user:
            response['status'] = 101
            response['msg'] = '用戶(hù)名密碼錯(cuò)誤'
        else:
            # 生成一個(gè)隨機(jī)字符串
            token = uuid.uuid4()
            # 去數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)保存
            models.UserToken.objects.create(token=token, user=user)
            response['token'] = token
        return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)

models.py

from django.db import models


# Create your models here.

class Book(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)
    publish_date = models.DateField()
    # 外鍵對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表中的字段名后面會(huì)自動(dòng)加"_id"        # on_delete=models.CASCADE 級(jí)聯(lián)刪除
    publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    # ManyToManyField 自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建第三張表，本表名_到你對(duì)應(yīng)多的表名名字，自動(dòng)幫你把表名轉(zhuǎn)小寫(xiě)
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Author(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField()
    author_detail = models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDatail', to_field='nid', unique=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)


class AuthorDatail(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    telephone = models.BigIntegerField()
    birthday = models.DateField()
    addr = models.CharField(max_length=64)


class Publish(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    def test(self):
        return self.email
class UserInfo(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32)


class UserToken(models.Model):
    token = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    user = models.OneToOneField(to=UserInfo)

python3 manage makemigrations
python3 manage migrate

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)添加數(shù)據(jù)

使用postman 驗(yàn)證：

提交登錄：

使用token（已登錄）查詢(xún)數(shù)據(jù)信息

未登錄顯示：

有些健壯性判斷未完成，沒(méi)驗(yàn)證用戶(hù)是否為登錄狀態(tài)等

網(wǎng)頁(yè)題目：RestFramework：三、HyperlinkedidentityField用法
標(biāo)題來(lái)源：http://muchs.cn/article20/ghsojo.html

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