html中如何實現(xiàn)懶加載-創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)

小編給大家分享一下html中如何實現(xiàn)懶加載，相信大部分人都還不怎么了解，因此分享這篇文章給大家參考一下，希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后大有收獲，下面讓我們一起去了解一下吧！

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優(yōu)勢

  1. 性能收益：瀏覽器加載圖片、decode、渲染都需要耗費資源，懶加載能節(jié)約性能消耗，縮短onload事件時間。

  2. 節(jié)約帶寬：這個不需要解釋。

通常，我們在html中展示圖片，會有兩種方式：

  1. img 標(biāo)簽

  2. css background-image

img的懶加載實現(xiàn)

img有兩種方式實現(xiàn)懶加載：

  1. 事件監(jiān)聽(scroll、resize、orientationChange)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>event</title>
    <style>
        img {
            background: #F1F1FA;
           width: 400px;
            height: 300px;
            display: block;
            margin: 10px auto;
            border: 0;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <img src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8338.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" />
    <img src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8339.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" />
    <img src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8340.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" />
    <img class="lazy" src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8339.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" />
    <img class="lazy" src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8340.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" /> -->
    <img class="lazy" src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8341.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" />
    <img class="lazy" src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8342.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" />
    <img class="lazy" src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8343.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" />
    <img class="lazy" src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8345.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" />
    <img class="lazy" src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8346.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" />
    <img class="lazy" src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8355.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" />
    <img class="lazy" src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8356.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" />
    <script>
        document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
            var lazyloadImages = document.querySelectorAll("img.lazy");    
            var lazyloadThrottleTimeout;
            
            function lazyload () {
                if(lazyloadThrottleTimeout) {
                    clearTimeout(lazyloadThrottleTimeout);
                }    
                
                lazyloadThrottleTimeout = setTimeout(function() {
                    var scrollTop = window.pageYOffset;
                    lazyloadImages.forEach(function(img) {
                        if(img.offsetTop < (window.innerHeight + scrollTop)) {
                            img.src = img.dataset.src;
                            img.classList.remove('lazy');
                        }
                    });
                    if(lazyloadImages.length == 0) {
                        document.removeEventListener("scroll", lazyload);
                       window.removeEventListener("resize", lazyload);
                       window.removeEventListener("orientationChange", lazyload);
                    }
                }, 20);
            }
            
            document.addEventListener("scroll", lazyload);
           window.addEventListener("resize", lazyload);
           window.addEventListener("orientationChange", lazyload);
        });
    </script>
</body>
</html>

  1. Intersection Observer（兼容性問題）

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>observer</title>
    <style>
        img {
            background: #F1F1FA;
           width: 400px;
            height: 300px;
            display: block;
            margin: 10px auto;
            border: 0;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <img src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8339.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" />
    <img src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8340.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" /> -->
    <img class="lazy" src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8338.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" />
    <img class="lazy" src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8339.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" />
    <img class="lazy" src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8340.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" />
    <img class="lazy" src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8341.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" />
    <img class="lazy" src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8342.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" />
    <img class="lazy" src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8343.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" />
    <img class="lazy" src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8345.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" />
    <img class="lazy" src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8346.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" />
    <img class="lazy" src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8355.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" />
    <img class="lazy" src="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8356.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300" />
    <script>
        document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
            var lazyloadImages = document.querySelectorAll(".lazy");
            var imageObserver = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries, observer) {
                entries.forEach(function(entry) {
                    if (entry.isIntersecting) {
                        var image = entry.target;
                        image.src = image.dataset.src;
                        image.classList.remove("lazy");
                        imageObserver.unobserve(image);
                    }
                });
            });
            lazyloadImages.forEach(function(image) {
                imageObserver.observe(image);
            });
        });
    </script>
</body>
</html>

background-image的實現(xiàn)

background-image的實現(xiàn)跟img的原理基本是一樣的，區(qū)別是在對class的處理上：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>background</title>
    <style>
        body {
            margin: 0;
        }
        .bg {
            height: 200px;
        }
        #bg-image.lazy {
            background-image: none;
            background-color: #F1F1FA;
        }
        #bg-image {
            background-image: url("https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8338.jpg?tr=w-400,h-300");
            background-size: 100%;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <p id="bg-image" class="bg lazy"></p>
    <p id="bg-image" class="bg lazy"></p>
    <p id="bg-image" class="bg lazy"></p>
    <p id="bg-image" class="bg lazy"></p>
    <p id="bg-image" class="bg lazy"></p>
    <p id="bg-image" class="bg lazy"></p>
    <p id="bg-image" class="bg lazy"></p>
    <p id="bg-image" class="bg lazy"></p>
    <script>
        document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
            var lazyloadImages = document.querySelectorAll(".lazy");
            var imageObserver = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries, observer) {
                entries.forEach(function(entry) {
                    if (entry.isIntersecting) {
                        var image = entry.target;
                        image.classList.remove("lazy");
                        imageObserver.unobserve(image);
                    }
                });
            });
            lazyloadImages.forEach(function(image) {
                imageObserver.observe(image);
            });
        });
    </script>
</body>
</html>

漸進式懶加載

漸進式懶加載，指的是存在降級處理，通常html形式如下：

<a href="full.jpg" class="progressive replace">
  <img src="tiny.jpg" class="preview" alt="image" />
</a>

這樣的代碼會有2個好處：

  1. 如果js執(zhí)行失敗，可以點擊預(yù)覽

  2. 大小與實際圖一致的占位data URI，避免reflow

最終的代碼如下：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>progressive</title>
    <style>
        a.progressive {
            position: relative;
            display: block;
            overflow: hidden;
            outline: none;
        }
        a.progressive:not(.replace) {
            cursor: default;
        }
        a.progressive img {
            display: block;
           width: 100%;
            max-width: none;
            height: auto;
            border: 0 none;
        }
        a.progressive img.preview {
            filter: blur(2vw);
            transform: scale(1.05);
        }
        a.progressive img.reveal {
            position: absolute;
            left: 0;
            top: 0;
           will-change: transform, opacity;
            animation: reveal 1s ease-out;
        }
        @keyframes reveal {
            0% {transform: scale(1.05); opacity: 0;}
            100% {transform: scale(1); opacity: 1;}
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8357.jpg" srcset="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8357.jpg 800w, https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8358.jpg 1600w" class="progressive replace">
        <img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQEAYABgAAD//gA7Q1JFQVRPUjogZ2QtanBlZyB2MS4wICh2c2luZyBJSkcgSlBFRyB2NjIpLCBxdWFsaXR5ID0gNzAK/9sAQwAKBwcIBwYKCAgICwoKCw4YEA4NDQ4dFRYRGCMfJSQiHyIhJis3LyYpNCkhIjBBMTQ5Oz4+PiUuRElDPEg3PT47/9sAQwEKCwsODQ4cEBAcOygiKDs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7/8AAEQgABQAUAwEiAAIRAQMRAf/EAB8AAAEFAQEBAQEBAAAAAAAAAAABAgMEBQYHCAkKC//EALUQAAIBAwMCBAMFBQQEAAABfQECAwAEEQUSITFBBhNRYQcicRQygZGhCCNCscEVUtHwJDNicoIJChYXGBkaJSYnKCkqNDU2Nzg5OkNERUZHSElKU1RVVldYWVpjZGVmZ2hpanN0dXZ3eHl6g4SFhoeIiYqSk5SVlpeYmZqio6Slpqeoqaqys7S1tre4ubrCw8TFxsfIycrS09TV1tfY2drh5uPk5ebn6Onq8fLz9PX29/j5+v/EAB8BAAMBAQEBAQEBAQEAAAAAAAABAgMEBQYHCAkKC//EALURAAIBAgQEAwQHBQQEAAECdwABAgMRBAUhMQYSQVEHYXETIjKBCBRCkaGxwQkjM1LwFWJy0QoWJDThJfEXGBkaJicoKSo1Njc4OTpDREVGR0hJSlNUVVZXWFlaY2RlZmdoaWpzdHV2d3h6eoKDhIWGh5iJipKTlJWWl5iZmqKjpKWmp6ipqrKztLW2t7i5usLDxMXGx8jJytLT1NXW19jZ2uLj5OXm5+jp6vLz9PX29/j5+v/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8A5yC3e2S3gM7OEQHdgA57VTuLAPqUoaUk7yM7R2BPSiivS5VN8stjmk2ldGVM3lyshG7bxk0UUV4skk2jdN2P/9k=" class="preview" alt="palm trees" />
    </a>
    <a href="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8361.jpg" class="progressive replace">
        <img src="http://lorempixel.com/20/15/nature/2/" class="preview" alt="sunset" />
    </a>
    <a href="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8362.jpg" class="progressive replace">
        <img src="http://lorempixel.com/20/15/nature/3/" class="preview" alt="tide" />
    </a>
    <a href="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8357.jpg" srcset="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8357.jpg 800w, https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8358.jpg 1600w" class="progressive replace">
        <img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" class="preview" alt="palm trees" />
    </a>
    <a href="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8361.jpg" class="progressive replace">
        <img src="http://lorempixel.com/20/15/nature/2/" class="preview" alt="sunset" />
    </a>
    <a href="https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200318/89/8362.jpg" class="progressive replace">
        <img src="http://lorempixel.com/20/15/nature/3/" class="preview" alt="tide" />
    </a>
    <script>
       window.addEventListener('load', function() {
            var pItem = document.getElementsByClassName('progressive replace'), timer;

           window.addEventListener('scroll', scroller, false);
           window.addEventListener('resize', scroller, false);
            inView();

            function scroller(e) {
                timer = timer || setTimeout(function() {
                    timer = null;
                    requestAnimationFrame(inView);
                }, 300);
            }

            function inView() {
                var scrollTop = window.pageYOffset;
                var innerHeight = window.innerHeight;
                var p = 0;
               while (p < pItem.length) {
                    var offsetTop = pItem[p].offsetTop;
                    if (offsetTop < (scrollTop + innerHeight)) {
                        loadFullImage(pItem[p]);
                        pItem[p].classList.remove('replace');
                    }
                    else p++;
                }
            }


            function loadFullImage(item) {
                var img = new Image();
                if (item.dataset) {
                    img.srcset = item.dataset.srcset || '';
                    img.sizes = item.dataset.sizes || '';
                }
                img.src = item.href;
                img.className = 'reveal';
                if (img.complete) addImg();
                else img.onload = addImg;

                function addImg() {
                    item.addEventListener('click', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); }, false);
                    item.appendChild(img).addEventListener('animationend', function(e) {
                        var pImg = item.querySelector('img.preview');
                        if (pImg) {
                            e.target.alt = pImg.alt || '';
                            item.removeChild(pImg);
                            e.target.classList.remove('reveal');
                        }
                    });
                }

            }

        }, false);
    </script>
</body>
</html>

以上是html中如何實現(xiàn)懶加載的所有內(nèi)容，感謝各位的閱讀！相信大家都有了一定的了解，希望分享的內(nèi)容對大家有所幫助，如果還想學(xué)習(xí)更多知識，歡迎關(guān)注創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)行業(yè)資訊頻道！

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