nagios配置詳解

前言：

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文中未標(biāo)明時，所有陪著之都是在nagios_server上的配置！

配置流程:

nagios.cfg-->hosts.cfg-->services.cfg-->command.cfg

創(chuàng)建hosts.cfg文件來定義主機和主機組
創(chuàng)建services.cfg文件來定義服務(wù)
用默認(rèn)的contacts.cfg文件來定義聯(lián)系人和聯(lián)系人組
用默認(rèn)的commands.cfg文件來定義命令
用默認(rèn)的timeperiods.cfg來定義監(jiān)控時間段
用默認(rèn)的templates.cfg文件作為資源引用文件

/usr/local/nagios/etc/ 目錄結(jié)構(gòu)

[root@chboc etc]# tree /usr/local/nagios/etc

/usr/local/nagios/etc

|-- cgi.cfg

|-- htpasswd.users

|-- nagios.cfg

|-- nagios.cfg.bak

|-- nrpe.cfg

|-- objects

| |-- commands.cfg

| |-- contacts.cfg

| |-- hosts.cfg 定義監(jiān)控remote_hosts和remote_hosts_group

| |-- hosts.cfg.bak

| |-- localhost.cfg

| |-- printer.cfg

| |-- services.cfg 定義被動模式的監(jiān)控服務(wù)，監(jiān)控remote_linux的本地資源

| |-- switch.cfg

| |-- templates.cfg

| |-- timeperiods.cfg

| `-- windows.cfg

|-- resource.cfg

`-- services 定義主動模式的監(jiān)控服務(wù)，監(jiān)控remote_linux的對外提供的服務(wù)

`-- web.cfg

注意??！創(chuàng)建hosts.cfg,services.cfg,services文件和目錄時，修改他們的屬主和屬組??！

nagios.cfg

[root@chboc etc]# diff nagios.cfg nagios.cfg.bak

34,35d33

< cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services.cfg

< cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts.cfg

38c36

< #cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg

---

> cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg

54c52

< cfg_dir=/usr/local/nagios/etc/services

---

> #cfg_dir=/usr/local/nagios/etc/servers

可簡單理解為：nagios.cfg只是指定nagios啟動時加載哪些目錄和文件而已。
修改nagios.cfg主配置文件，添加services.cfg,hosts.cfg，使得nagios啟動過程中自動加載hosts.cfg和services.cfg中的內(nèi)容。
nagios監(jiān)控一般都是用來監(jiān)控remote_linux上面的服務(wù)，所以在此將cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg注釋掉。
nagios的監(jiān)控模式簡單分為主動模式和被動模式（NRPE）。

主動模式：一般用來監(jiān)控web服務(wù)，數(shù)據(jù)庫等這些對外提供服務(wù)的監(jiān)控，如：httpd，MySQLd，sshd等

被動模式：一般用來監(jiān)控本地資源，例如負(fù)載，內(nèi)存，硬盤，虛擬內(nèi)存，磁盤IO，溫度，風(fēng)扇等的監(jiān)控（我們也可以通過snmp實現(xiàn)監(jiān)控部分系統(tǒng)資源）。

主動模式和被動模式是可以相互互換的，沒有絕對性。

hosts.cfg

[root@chboc objects]# egrep -v "^$|^#" hosts.cfg

define host{

use linux-server

host_name lnmp

alias 198-lnmp

address 192.168.1.198

}

define host{

use linux-server

host_name lamp

alias 199-lamp

address 192.168.1.199

}

define hostgroup{

hostgroup_name linux-servers ; The name of the hostgroup

alias Linux Servers ; Long name of the group

members lnmp,lamp ; Comma separated list of hosts that belong to this group

}

定義所要監(jiān)控的remote_linux，并將其分組。
生成hosts.cfg文件：
head -51 localhost.cfg >hosts.cfg
chown nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts.cfg

services.cfg -->command.cfg

+--->nrpe.cfg(remote_linux)

[root@chboc objects]# egrep -v "^$|^#" services.cfg

define service {

use generic-service

host_name lnmp

service_description Disk Partition

check_command check_nrpe!check_disk

}

define service {

use generic-service

host_name lnmp

service_description load

check_command check_nrpe!check_load

}

define service {

use generic-service

host_name lnmp

service_description mem

check_command check_nrpe!check_mem

}

define service {

use generic-service

host_name lnmp

service_description swap

check_command check_nrpe!check_swap

}

define service {

use generic-service

host_name lnmp

service_description iostat

check_command check_nrpe!check_iostat

}

services.cfg 我采用NRPE的被動模式，通過nagios_server主機上的check_nrpe插件，調(diào)用運行在renmote_linux上的NRPE daemon監(jiān)控renmote_linux的本地資源。
NRPE原理
NRPE 總共由兩部分組成：
check_nrpe 插件，位于監(jiān)控主機上
NRPE daemon，運行在遠(yuǎn)程的Linux主機上(通常就是被監(jiān)控機)
按照上圖，整個的監(jiān)控過程如下：
當(dāng)Nagios 需要監(jiān)控某個遠(yuǎn)程Linux 主機的服務(wù)或者資源情況時：
Nagios 會運行check_nrpe 這個插件，告訴它要檢查什么；
check_nrpe 插件會連接到遠(yuǎn)程的NRPE daemon，所用的方式是SSL；
NRPE daemon 會運行相應(yīng)的Nagios 插件來執(zhí)行檢查；
NRPE daemon 將檢查的結(jié)果返回給check_nrpe 插件，插件將其遞交給nagios做處理。
注意：NRPE daemon 需要Nagios 插件安裝在遠(yuǎn)程的Linux主機上，否則，daemon不能做任何的監(jiān)控

command.cfg

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@chboc objects]# tail -4 commands.cfg

define command{

command_name check_nrpe

command_line $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$

}

nrpe.cfg(remote_linux)

------------------------------------------------------------------------log_facility=daemon

pid_file=/var/run/nrpe.pid

server_port=5666

nrpe_user=nagios

nrpe_group=nagios

allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1,192.168.1.201

dont_blame_nrpe=0

debug=0

command_timeout=60

connection_timeout=300

command[check_load]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_load -w 15,10,6 -c 30,25,20

command[check_mem]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_memory.pl -w 6% -c 3%

command[check_disk]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c 8% -p /

command[check_swap]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_swap -w 20% -c 10%

command[check_iostat]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_iostat -w 6 -c 10

command[check_port_80]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_tcp -H localhost -p80

/usr/local/nagios/etc/server/web.cfg

[root@chboc etc]# egrep -v "^$|^#" services/web.cfg

define service{

use generic-service

host_name lnmp

service_description blog_url

check_command check_http!-I 192.168.1.198

max_check_attempts 3

normal_check_interval 2

retry_check_interval 1

check_period 24x7

notification_interval 30

notification_period 24x7

notification_options w,u,c,r

contact_groups admins

}

define service{

use generic-service

host_name lnmp

service_description blog_port80

check_command check_tcp!80

max_check_attempts 3

normal_check_interval 2

retry_check_interval 1

check_period 24x7

notification_interval 30

notification_period 24x7

notification_options w,u,c,r

contact_groups admins

}

define service{

use generic-service

host_name lnmp

service_description mysqld_port3306

check_command check_tcp!3306

max_check_attempts 3

normal_check_interval 2

retry_check_interval 1

check_period 24x7

notification_interval 30

notification_period 24x7

notification_options w,u,c,r

contact_groups admins

}

define service{

use generic-service

host_name lnmp

service_description blog_port_80_beidong

check_command check_nrpe!check_port_80

max_check_attempts 3

normal_check_interval 2

retry_check_interval 1

check_period 24x7

notification_interval 30

notification_period 24x7

notification_options w,u,c,r

contact_groups admins

}

主動模式不需要調(diào)用check_nrpe插件,直接使用command.cfg里定義的命令即可！

檢查配置文件

修改/etc/init.d/nagios啟動文件，使其檢測時顯示詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。

vim /etc/init.d/nagios +178

checkconfig)

printf "Running configuration check..."

$NagiosBin -v $NagiosCfgFile > /dev/null 2>&1

if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then

echo " OK."

else

echo " CONFIG ERROR! Check your Nagios configuration."

exit 1

例如：

我們將command.cfg定義的check_nrpe命令注釋掉：

[root@chboc objects]# tail -4 commands.cfg

#define command{

# command_name check_nrpe

# command_line $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$

# }

進(jìn)行檢測：

[root@chboc objects]# /etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig

Running configuration check...

Nagios Core 3.5.1

Last Modified: 08-30-2013

License: GPL

Website: http://www.nagios.org

Reading configuration data...

Read main config file okay...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg'...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg'...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/timeperiods.cfg'...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg'...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services.cfg'...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts.cfg'...

Processing object config directory '/usr/local/nagios/etc/services'...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/services/web.cfg'...

Read object config files okay...

Running pre-flight check on configuration data...

Checking services...

Error: Service check command 'check_nrpe' specified in service 'Disk Partition' for host 'lnmp' not defined anywhere!

Error: Service check command 'check_nrpe' specified in service 'blog_port_80_beidong' for host 'lnmp' not defined anywhere!

Error: Service check command 'check_nrpe' specified in service 'iostat' for host 'lnmp' not defined anywhere!

Error: Service check command 'check_nrpe' specified in service 'load' for host 'lnmp' not defined anywhere!

Error: Service check command 'check_nrpe' specified in service 'mem' for host 'lnmp' not defined anywhere!

Error: Service check command 'check_nrpe' specified in service 'swap' for host 'lnmp' not defined anywhere!

Checked 9 services.

Checking hosts...

Warning: Host 'lamp' has no services associated with it!

Checked 2 hosts.

Checking host groups...

Checked 1 host groups.

Checking service groups...

Checked 0 service groups.

Checking contacts...

Checked 1 contacts.

Checking contact groups...

Checked 1 contact groups.

Checking service escalations...

Checked 0 service escalations.

Checking service dependencies...

Checked 0 service dependencies.

Checking host escalations...

Checked 0 host escalations.

Checking host dependencies...

Checked 0 host dependencies.

Checking commands...

Checked 24 commands.

Checking time periods...

Checked 5 time periods.

Checking for circular paths between hosts...

Checking for circular host and service dependencies...

Checking global event handlers...

Checking obsessive compulsive processor commands...

Checking misc settings...

Total Warnings: 1

Total Errors: 6

***> One or more problems was encountered while running the pre-flight check...

Check your configuration file(s) to ensure that they contain valid

directives and data defintions. If you are upgrading from a previous

version of Nagios, you should be aware that some variables/definitions

may have been removed or modified in this version. Make sure to read

the HTML documentation regarding the config files, as well as the

'Whats New' section to find out what has changed.

CONFIG ERROR! Check your Nagios configuration.

在command.cfg添加check_nrpe命令的定義并檢測：