這篇文章將為大家詳細講解有關PHP中組合模式與裝飾模式的示例分析,小編覺得挺實用的,因此分享給大家做個參考,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后可以有所收獲。
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組合模式
定義:組合模式定義了一個單根繼承體系,使具有截然不同職責的集合可以并肩工作。
一個軍隊的案例,
<?php abstract class Unit { // 個體 abstract function bombardStrength(); } class Archer extends Unit { // 弓箭手 function bombardStrength() { return 4; } } class LaserCannonUnit extends Unit { // 火炮手 function bombardStrength() { return 44; } } ?>
軍隊整合成員,輸出火力
<?php abstract class Unit { abstract function bombardStrength(); } class Archer extends Unit { function bombardStrength() { return 4; } } class LaserCannonUnit extends Unit { function bombardStrength() { return 44; } } class Army { // 軍隊 private $units = array(); // 定義私有屬性 個體集 function addUnit( Unit $unit ) { // 添加成員 array_push( $this->units, $unit ); } function bombardStrength() { // 火力 $ret = 0; foreach( $this->units as $unit ) { $ret += $unit->bombardStrength(); } return $ret; } } $unit1 = new Archer(); $unit2 = new LaserCannonUnit(); $army = new Army(); $army->addUnit( $unit1 ); $army->addUnit( $unit2 ); print $army->bombardStrength(); // 輸出火力 ?>
output:
48
軍隊進一步整合其他軍隊
<?php abstract class Unit { abstract function bombardStrength(); } class Archer extends Unit { function bombardStrength() { return 4; } } class LaserCannonUnit extends Unit { function bombardStrength() { return 44; } } class Army { private $units = array(); private $armies= array(); function addUnit( Unit $unit ) { array_push( $this->units, $unit ); } function addArmy( Army $army ) { array_push( $this->armies, $army ); } function bombardStrength() { $ret = 0; foreach( $this->units as $unit ) { $ret += $unit->bombardStrength(); } foreach( $this->armies as $army ) { $ret += $army->bombardStrength(); } return $ret; } } $unit1 = new Archer(); $unit2 = new LaserCannonUnit(); $army = new Army(); $army->addUnit( $unit1 ); $army->addUnit( $unit2 ); print $army->bombardStrength(); print "\n"; $army2 = clone $army; // 克隆軍隊 $army->addArmy( $army2 ); print $army->bombardStrength(); print "\n"; ?>
output:
48
96
更好的方式,支持新增,移除等等其他功能。
<?php abstract class Unit { abstract function addUnit( Unit $unit ); abstract function removeUnit( Unit $unit ); abstract function bombardStrength(); } class Army extends Unit { // 軍隊 private $units = array(); function addUnit( Unit $unit ) { if ( in_array( $unit, $this->units, true ) ) { // $this用于調用正常的屬性或方法,self調用靜態(tài)的方法,屬性或者常量 return; } $this->units[] = $unit; } function removeUnit( Unit $unit ) { // >= php 5.3 $this->units = array_udiff( $this->units, array( $unit ), function( $a, $b ) { return ($a === $b)?0:1; } ); // < php 5.3 // $this->units = array_udiff( $this->units, array( $unit ), // create_function( '$a,$b', 'return ($a === $b)?0:1;' ) ); // 對象數(shù)組,create_function,創(chuàng)建函數(shù) } function bombardStrength() { $ret = 0; foreach( $this->units as $unit ) { $ret += $unit->bombardStrength(); } return $ret; } } // quick example classes class Tank extends Unit { // 坦克 function addUnit( Unit $unit ) {} function removeUnit( Unit $unit ) {} function bombardStrength() { return 4; } } class Soldier extends Unit { // 士兵 function addUnit( Unit $unit ) {} function removeUnit( Unit $unit ) {} function bombardStrength() { return 8; } } $tank = new Tank(); $tank2 = new Tank(); $soldier = new Soldier(); $army = new Army(); $army->addUnit( $soldier ); $army->addUnit( $tank ); $army->addUnit( $tank2 ); print_r( $army ); print $army->bombardStrength()."\n"; $army->removeUnit( $soldier ); print_r( $army ); print $army->bombardStrength()."\n"; ?>
output:
Army Object ( [units:Army:private] => Array ( [0] => Soldier Object ( ) [1] => Tank Object ( ) [2] => Tank Object ( ) ) ) 16 Army Object ( [units:Army:private] => Array ( [1] => Tank Object ( ) [2] => Tank Object ( ) ) ) 8
添加異常處理
<?php abstract class Unit { abstract function addUnit( Unit $unit ); abstract function removeUnit( Unit $unit ); abstract function bombardStrength(); } class Army extends Unit { private $units = array(); function addUnit( Unit $unit ) { if ( in_array( $unit, $this->units, true ) ) { return; } $this->units[] = $unit; } function removeUnit( Unit $unit ) { // >= php 5.3 //$this->units = array_udiff( $this->units, array( $unit ), // function( $a, $b ) { return ($a === $b)?0:1; } ); // < php 5.3 $this->units = array_udiff( $this->units, array( $unit ), create_function( '$a,$b', 'return ($a === $b)?0:1;' ) ); } function bombardStrength() { $ret = 0; foreach( $this->units as $unit ) { $ret += $unit->bombardStrength(); } return $ret; } } class UnitException extends Exception {} class Archer extends Unit { function addUnit( Unit $unit ) { throw new UnitException( get_class($this)." is a leaf" ); } function removeUnit( Unit $unit ) { throw new UnitException( get_class($this)." is a leaf" ); } function bombardStrength() { return 4; } } $archer = new Archer(); $archer2 = new Archer(); $archer->addUnit( $archer2 ); ?>
output:
Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'UnitException' with message 'Archer is a leaf'
點評:組合模式中的一切類都共享同一個父類型,可以輕松地在設計中添加新的組合對象或局部對象,而無需大范圍地修改代碼。
最終的效果,逐步優(yōu)化(完美):
<?php class UnitException extends Exception {} abstract class Unit { abstract function bombardStrength(); function addUnit( Unit $unit ) { throw new UnitException( get_class($this)." is a leaf" ); } function removeUnit( Unit $unit ) { throw new UnitException( get_class($this)." is a leaf" ); } } class Archer extends Unit { function bombardStrength() { return 4; } } class LaserCannonUnit extends Unit { function bombardStrength() { return 44; } } class Army extends Unit { private $units = array(); function addUnit( Unit $unit ) { if ( in_array( $unit, $this->units, true ) ) { return; } $this->units[] = $unit; } function removeUnit( Unit $unit ) { // >= php 5.3 //$this->units = array_udiff( $this->units, array( $unit ), // function( $a, $b ) { return ($a === $b)?0:1; } ); // < php 5.3 $this->units = array_udiff( $this->units, array( $unit ), create_function( '$a,$b', 'return ($a === $b)?0:1;' ) ); } function bombardStrength() { $ret = 0; foreach( $this->units as $unit ) { $ret += $unit->bombardStrength(); } return $ret; } } // create an army $main_army = new Army(); // add some units $main_army->addUnit( new Archer() ); $main_army->addUnit( new LaserCannonUnit() ); // create a new army $sub_army = new Army(); // add some units $sub_army->addUnit( new Archer() ); $sub_army->addUnit( new Archer() ); $sub_army->addUnit( new Archer() ); // add the second army to the first $main_army->addUnit( $sub_army ); // all the calculations handled behind the scenes print "attacking with strength: {$main_army->bombardStrength()}\n"; ?>
output:
attacking with strength: 60
更牛逼的組合處理,
<?php abstract class Unit { function getComposite() { return null; } abstract function bombardStrength(); } abstract class CompositeUnit extends Unit { // 抽象類繼承抽象類 private $units = array(); function getComposite() { return $this; } protected function units() { return $this->units; } function removeUnit( Unit $unit ) { // >= php 5.3 //$this->units = array_udiff( $this->units, array( $unit ), // function( $a, $b ) { return ($a === $b)?0:1; } ); // < php 5.3 $this->units = array_udiff( $this->units, array( $unit ), create_function( '$a,$b', 'return ($a === $b)?0:1;' ) ); } function addUnit( Unit $unit ) { if ( in_array( $unit, $this->units, true ) ) { return; } $this->units[] = $unit; } } class Army extends CompositeUnit { function bombardStrength() { $ret = 0; foreach( $this->units as $unit ) { $ret += $unit->bombardStrength(); } return $ret; } } class Archer extends Unit { function bombardStrength() { return 4; } } class LaserCannonUnit extends Unit { function bombardStrength() { return 44; } } class UnitScript { static function joinExisting( Unit $newUnit, Unit $occupyingUnit ) { // 靜態(tài)方法,直接通過類名來使用 $comp; if ( ! is_null( $comp = $occupyingUnit->getComposite() ) ) { // 軍隊合并處理 $comp->addUnit( $newUnit ); } else { // 士兵合并處理 $comp = new Army(); $comp->addUnit( $occupyingUnit ); $comp->addUnit( $newUnit ); } return $comp; } } $army1 = new Army(); $army1->addUnit( new Archer() ); $army1->addUnit( new Archer() ); $army2 = new Army(); $army2->addUnit( new Archer() ); $army2->addUnit( new Archer() ); $army2->addUnit( new LaserCannonUnit() ); $composite = UnitScript::joinExisting( $army2, $army1 ); print_r( $composite ); ?>
output:
Army Object ( [units:CompositeUnit:private] => Array ( [0] => Archer Object ( ) [1] => Archer Object ( ) [2] => Army Object ( [units:CompositeUnit:private] => Array ( [0] => Archer Object ( ) [1] => Archer Object ( ) [2] => LaserCannonUnit Object ( ) ) ) ) )
點評:Unit 基礎,CompositeUnit復合中實現(xiàn)add與remove。軍隊繼承Composite,射手繼承Archer。這樣射手中就不會有多余的add與remove方法了。
裝飾模式
裝飾模式幫助我們改變具體組件的功能。
看例子
<?php abstract class Tile { // 磚瓦 abstract function getWealthFactor(); // 獲取財富 } class Plains extends Tile { // 平原 private $wealthfactor = 2; function getWealthFactor() { return $this->wealthfactor; } } class DiamondPlains extends Plains { // 鉆石地段 function getWealthFactor() { return parent::getWealthFactor() + 2; } } class PollutedPlains extends Plains { // 污染地段 function getWealthFactor() { return parent::getWealthFactor() - 4; } } $tile = new PollutedPlains(); print $tile->getWealthFactor(); ?>
output:
-2
點評:不具有靈活性,我們不能同時獲得鉆石與被污染的土地的資金情況。
裝飾模式使用組合和委托而不是只使用繼承來解決功能變化的問題。
看例子:
<?php abstract class Tile { abstract function getWealthFactor(); } class Plains extends Tile { private $wealthfactor = 2; function getWealthFactor() { return $this->wealthfactor; } } abstract class TileDecorator extends Tile { // 裝飾 protected $tile; function __construct( Tile $tile ) { $this->tile = $tile; } } class DiamondDecorator extends TileDecorator { // 鉆石裝飾 function getWealthFactor() { return $this->tile->getWealthFactor()+2; } } class PollutionDecorator extends TileDecorator { // 污染裝飾 function getWealthFactor() { return $this->tile->getWealthFactor()-4; } } $tile = new Plains(); print $tile->getWealthFactor(); // 2 $tile = new DiamondDecorator( new Plains() ); print $tile->getWealthFactor(); // 4 $tile = new PollutionDecorator( new DiamondDecorator( new Plains() )); print $tile->getWealthFactor(); // 0 ?>
output:
2
4
0
點評:這個模型具有擴展性。我們不需要創(chuàng)建DiamondPollutionPlains對象就可以構建一個鉆石被污染的對象。
一個更逼真的例子
<?php class RequestHelper{} // 請求助手 abstract class ProcessRequest { // 進程請求 abstract function process( RequestHelper $req ); } class MainProcess extends ProcessRequest { // 主進程 function process( RequestHelper $req ) { print __CLASS__.": doing something useful with request\n"; } } abstract class DecorateProcess extends ProcessRequest { // 裝飾進程 protected $processrequest; function __construct( ProcessRequest $pr ) { // 引用對象,委托 $this->processrequest = $pr; } } class LogRequest extends DecorateProcess { // 日志請求 function process( RequestHelper $req ) { print __CLASS__.": logging request\n"; // 當前類,有點遞歸的感覺 $this->processrequest->process( $req ); } } class AuthenticateRequest extends DecorateProcess { // 認證請求 function process( RequestHelper $req ) { print __CLASS__.": authenticating request\n"; $this->processrequest->process( $req ); } } class StructureRequest extends DecorateProcess { // 組織結構請求 function process( RequestHelper $req ) { print __CLASS__.": structuring request\n"; $this->processrequest->process( $req ); } } $process = new AuthenticateRequest( new StructureRequest( new LogRequest ( new MainProcess() ))); // 這樣可以很靈活的組合進程的關系,省去很多重復的繼承 $process->process( new RequestHelper() ); print_r($process); ?>
output:
AuthenticateRequest: authenticating request StructureRequest: structuring request LogRequest: logging request MainProcess: doing something useful with request AuthenticateRequest Object ( [processrequest:protected] => StructureRequest Object ( [processrequest:protected] => LogRequest Object ( [processrequest:protected] => MainProcess Object ( ) ) ) )
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