一、mysql_install_db說(shuō)明
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當(dāng)MySQL的系統(tǒng)庫(kù)(mysql系統(tǒng)庫(kù))發(fā)生故障或需要新加一個(gè)mysql實(shí)例時(shí),需要初始化mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。
需要使用的命令:/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db
#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --help 可以查看幫助信息如下
Usage: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db [OPTIONS]
--basedir=path The path to the MySQL installation directory.
--cross-bootstrap For internal use. Used when building the MySQL system
tables on a different host than the target.
--datadir=path The path to the MySQL data directory.
--force Causes mysql_install_db to run even if DNS does not
work. In that case, grant table entries that normally
use hostnames will use IP addresses.
--ldata=path The path to the MySQL data directory.
--rpm For internal use. This option is used by RPM files
during the MySQL installation process.
--skip-name-resolve Use IP addresses rather than hostnames when creating
grant table entries. This option can be useful if
your DNS does not work.
--srcdir=path For internal use. The directory under which
mysql_install_db looks for support files such as the
error message file and the file for popoulating the
help tables.
--user=user_name The login username to use for running mysqld. Files
and directories created by mysqld will be owned by this
user. You must be root to use this option. By default
mysqld runs using your current login name and files and
directories that it creates will be owned by you.
All other options are passed to the mysqld program
除了支持以上的參數(shù),還支持mysqld的參數(shù)。
二、舉例:
本文以新加一個(gè)mysql實(shí)例為例。例如服務(wù)器上已經(jīng)安裝了3306端口的mysql服務(wù),需要再啟一個(gè)3308端口的mysql服務(wù)。
假設(shè)mysql安裝在/usr/local/mysql路徑下,找一個(gè)磁盤(pán)空間剩余比較大的盤(pán),如/data1,把3308端口的mysql的數(shù)據(jù)保存在/data1下
#mkdir /data1/mysql_3308
#mkdir /data1/mysql_3308/data
#chown -R mysql:mysql /data1/mysql_3308
復(fù)制一個(gè)mysql配置文件my.cnf到/data1/mysql_3308目錄下
#vi /data1/mysql_3308/my.cnf
修改配置文件,將端口和相關(guān)目錄的都改為新的設(shè)置,如下:
[client]
character-set-server = utf8
port = 3308
socket = /tmp/mysql_3308.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
port = 3308
socket = /tmp/mysql_3308.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data1/mysql_3308/data
log-error = /data1/mysql_3308/mysql_error.log
pid-file = /data1/mysql_3308/mysql.pid
......其他略
確保配置文件無(wú)誤。
運(yùn)行下面命令進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的初始化:
#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/data1/mysql_3308/my.cnf --datadir=/data1/mysql_3308/data
完成后新的3308數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)就初始化好了,如果有報(bào)錯(cuò),則按照?qǐng)?bào)錯(cuò)的提示查看報(bào)錯(cuò)日志,一般情況下都是my.cnf配置文件的問(wèn)題,修正后即可。
三、啟動(dòng)新mysql
啟動(dòng)3308端口的mysql服務(wù)
#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data1/mysql_3309/my.cnf
檢查是否啟動(dòng)
#ps aux|grep mysql
如果有3308字樣說(shuō)明已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)成功
可將啟動(dòng)命令加入/etc/rc.local隨服務(wù)器啟動(dòng)
新加的mysql沒(méi)有設(shè)置root密碼,可以通過(guò)下面命令設(shè)置root密碼:
#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -S /tmp/mysql_3308.sock -u root password 'new-password'
Mysql的配置文件:
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
!includedir /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/
這兩行的意思是配置文件在這兩個(gè)目錄下,也就是說(shuō)你可以在這兩個(gè)目錄下配置,最好是不要直接改變
my.cnf文件, 因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)導(dǎo)致一些問(wèn)題, 比如當(dāng)在升級(jí) Ubuntu/Mysql 到一個(gè)新的版本時(shí).這里我們創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新文件:sudo vim
/etc/mysql/conf.d/utf8.cnf
utf8.cnf配置文件內(nèi)容為:
[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
有三種方法:
方法一(不推薦)、本地登入mysql,更改?"mysql"?數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)里的?"user"?表里的?"host"?項(xiàng),將"localhost"改為"%"
#mysql?-u?root?-proot
mysqluse?mysql;
mysqlupdate?user?set?host?=?'%'?where?user?=?'root';
mysqlselect?host,?user?from?user;
方法二、直接授權(quán)(推薦)
從任何主機(jī)上使用root用戶(hù),密碼:youpassword(你的root密碼)連接到mysql服務(wù)器:(首先登陸Linux服務(wù)器,填寫(xiě)下面代碼即可)
[root@localhost?software]#?mysql?-u?root?-proot?
mysqlGRANT?ALL?PRIVILEGES?ON?*.*?TO?'root'@'%'?IDENTIFIED?BY?'youpassword'?WITH?GRANT?OPTION;
mysqlFLUSH?PRIVILEGES;
操作完后切記執(zhí)行以下命令刷新權(quán)限
FLUSH?PRIVILEGES;
方法三:終極方法
注釋bind-address?=?127.0.0.1
找到mysql.cnf
把bind-address?=?127.0.0.1?前面加上?#
即??#bind-address?=?127.0.0.1
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