MySQL源碼安裝的方法介紹

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MYSQL的安裝分三種：命令行安裝、二進(jìn)制安裝和源碼安裝
命令行安裝相對(duì)而言簡(jiǎn)單，我們就不做過(guò)多陳述，今天就著重講講MYSQL的源碼安裝
編譯安裝過(guò)程描述：

  •     1.下載源代碼

  •     2.檢查源碼編譯所需的依賴包是否齊全

  •     3.解壓編譯

  •     4.make && make install

  •     5.初始化數(shù)據(jù)目錄

  •     6.數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)權(quán)限設(shè)置

  •     7.定義啟動(dòng)方式

軟件安裝的常規(guī)約定：

  •     軟件安裝包放在/usr/local/src下

  •     軟件根目錄basedir在/usr/local/xxx下,如：/usr/local/mysql

  •     配置文件在/etc/下，如：/etc/my.cnf

  •     數(shù)據(jù)目錄datadir一般放在單獨(dú)的磁盤上

  •     mysql服務(wù)名為mysqld

========
準(zhǔn)備
========
#創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)目錄
[root@xxx ~]# mkdir /data/mysql
#創(chuàng)建根目錄
[root@xxx ~]# mkdir /usr/local/mysqlrp
#進(jìn)入軟件存放目錄
[root@xxx ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@xxx src]# mv /root/mysql-5.6.24.tar.gz .
[root@xxx src]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.24.tar.gz
[root@xxx src]# cd mysql-5.6.24
#檢查cmake是否安裝，如果未安裝，請(qǐng)使用yum install cmake或其它方式安裝
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# which cmake
    /usr/bin/cmake
#安裝必備的依賴包
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# yum install ncurses-devel
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# yum install bison
#=======
編譯
#=======
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysqlrp \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci

[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /usr/local/mysqlrp/
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]#
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /data/mysql/
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]#
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# make
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /usr/local/mysqlrp/
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /data/mysql/
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]#
#make install時(shí)才會(huì)在根目錄下生成文件
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# make install
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /usr/local/mysqlrp/
    bin      data  include         lib  mysql-test  scripts  sql-bench
    COPYING  docs  INSTALL-BINARY  man  README      share    support-files
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /data/mysql/
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]#
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# cd /usr/local/mysqlrp/
#創(chuàng)建mysql管理用戶及組
[root@xxx mysqlrp]# groupadd mysql
[root@xxx mysqlrp]# useradd mysql -g mysql
#修改配置文件，修改根目錄、數(shù)據(jù)目錄位置。
[root@xxx local]# vi /etc/my.cnf
    ...
    [mysqld]
    basedir=/usr/local/mysqlrp   
    datadir=/data/mysql
#初始化數(shù)據(jù)目錄
[root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
#制作mysql服務(wù)mysqld
[root@xxx mysqlrp]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
#修改各個(gè)目錄對(duì)應(yīng)權(quán)限
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysqlrp
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chown -R mysql.mysql  /data/mysql
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chown mysql.mysql  /etc/my.cnf
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chown mysql.mysql  /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysqlrp
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chmod -R 755 /data/mysql
root@xxx mysqlrp]#chmod  644 /etc/my.cnf
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
#啟動(dòng)mysql服務(wù)
[root@xxx local]# service mysqld start
   Starting MySQL.          
[  OK  ]

#=======
#源碼編譯常見依賴包
#=======
kernel-headers-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64.rpm
glibc-headers-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64.rpm
glibc-devel-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64.rpm
cpp-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
gcc-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
gcc-c++-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
autoconf-2.63-5.1.el6.noarch.rpm
automake-1.11.1-4.el6.noarch.rpm
zlib-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64.rpm
ncurses-devel-5.7-3.20090208.el6.x86_64.rpm
libgcrypt-1.4.5-9.el6_2.2.x86_64.rpm
libtool-2.2.6-15.5.el6.x86_64.rpm
bison-2.4.1-5.el6.x86_64.rpm

#=======
#附實(shí)驗(yàn)2則，解釋常見疑問(wèn)
#實(shí)驗(yàn)1說(shuō)明，數(shù)據(jù)目錄初始化的時(shí)候，必須在根目錄basedir下初始化目錄(具體數(shù)據(jù)目錄可以自定義)，使用初始化腳本進(jìn)行初始化。
#實(shí)驗(yàn)2說(shuō)明，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)在編譯的時(shí)候會(huì)修改源碼里面的內(nèi)容，例如src/mysql-5.6.24/support-files/mysql.server ,會(huì)將根目錄修改為編譯時(shí)指定的根目錄
#        數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)編譯時(shí)指定數(shù)據(jù)目錄，安裝完成后mysql工具沒有指定數(shù)據(jù)目錄且根目錄下沒有data目錄會(huì)優(yōu)先將編譯時(shí)指定的數(shù)據(jù)目錄作為自己的數(shù)據(jù)目錄
#=======

點(diǎn)擊(此處)折疊或打開

  1. #=======

  2.     #實(shí)驗(yàn)1

  3.     #=======

  4.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# mkdir /tmp/test

  5.     #=======

  6.     #測(cè)試進(jìn)入臨時(shí)目錄，做數(shù)據(jù)目錄初始化

  7.     #=======

  8.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# cd /tmp/test/

  9.     [root@xxx test]# /usr/local/mysqlrp/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql &

  10.             [1] 36700

  11.             [root@xxx test]# FATAL ERROR: Could not find ./bin/my_print_defaults

  13.             If you compiled from source, you need to run 'make install' to

  14.             copy the software into the correct location ready for operation.

  16.             If you are using a binary release, you must either be at the top

  17.             level of the extracted archive, or pass the --basedir option

  18.             pointing to that location.

  21.             [1]+ Exit 1 /usr/local/mysqlrp/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

  22.     [root@xxx test]# /usr/local/mysqlrp/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql &

  23.             [1] 36704

  24.             [root@xxx test]# FATAL ERROR: Could not find ./bin/my_print_defaults

  25.             

  26.             If you compiled from source, you need to run 'make install' to

  27.             opy the software into the correct location ready for operation.

  28.             

  29.             If you are using a binary release, you must either be at the top

  30.             level of the extracted archive, or pass the --basedir option

  31.             pointing to that location.

  32.             

  33.            

  34.             [1]+ Exit 1 /usr/local/mysqlrp/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

  35.     [root@xxx test]# /usr/local/mysqlrp/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysqlrp --datadir=/data/mysql &

  36.     #=======

  37.     #指定了根目錄后總算初始化成功

  38.     #=======

  39.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

  40.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

  41.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/

  42.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# mkdir log

  43.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# chown -R mysql.mysql log

  44.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

  45.             [1] 37694

  46.             [root@xxx mysqlrp]# 151113 15:45:58 mysqld_safe Logging to '/data/mysql/zc-appname-ip-ip.err'.

  47.             151113 15:45:59 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql

  48.             151113 15:45:59 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /data/mysql/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid ended

  49.             

  50.             [1]+ Done ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql

  51.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ps -ef|grep mysql

  52.             root 37847 12729 0 15:46 pts/3 00:00:00 grep mysql

  53.     #=======

  54.     #試圖啟動(dòng)，失敗

  55.     #=======

  56.     [root@xxx local]# mv mysqlrp/ mysql

  57.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

  58.     [root@xxx local]# mv mysql/ mysqlrp

  59.     [root@xxx local]# service mysqld start

  60.     Starting MySQL.The server quit without updating PID file (/data/mysql/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid). [FAILED]

  61.     #=======

  62.     #試圖啟動(dòng)，失敗

  63.     #=======

  64.     [root@xxx local]# cd mysqlrp/

  65.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./bin/mysqld

  66.     mysqld mysqld_multi mysqld_safe mysqldump mysqldumpslow

  67.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql&

  68.     [1] 38052

  69.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# 151113 15:49:31 mysqld_safe Logging to '/data/mysql/zc-appname-ip-ip.err'.

  70.     151113 15:49:31 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql

  71.     151113 15:49:32 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /data/mysql/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid ended

  73.     [1]+ Done ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql

  74.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ps -ef|grep mysql

  75.     root 38205 12729 0 15:49 pts/3 00:00:00 grep mysql

  76.     #=======

  77.     #試圖啟動(dòng)，失敗

  78.     #=======

  79.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/ &

  80.     #=======

  81.     #初始化數(shù)據(jù)目錄成功

  82.     #=======

  83.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysqlrp/data/ &

  84.     #=======

  85.     #再次初始化數(shù)據(jù)目錄，成功

  86.     #=======

  87.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

  88.     [1] 38312

  89.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# 151113 15:56:03 mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysqlrp/data/zc-appname-ip-ip.err'.

  90.     151113 15:56:03 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysqlrp/data

  92.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ps -ef|grep mysql

  93.     root 38312 12729 0 15:56 pts/3 00:00:00 /bin/sh ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql

  94.     mysql 38441 38312 3 15:56 pts/3 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysqlrp/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysqlrp --datadir=/usr/local/mysqlrp/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysqlrp/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/usr/local/mysqlrp/data/zc-appname-ip-ip.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysqlrp/data/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

  95.     root 38465 12729 0 15:56 pts/3 00:00:00 grep mysql

  96.     #=======

  97.     #試圖啟動(dòng)，成功

  98.     #=======

  100.     #=======

  101.     #實(shí)驗(yàn)2

  102.     #=======

  103.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# 151113 15:56:43 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /usr/local/mysqlrp/data/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid ended

  104.     ps

  105.       PID TTY TIME CMD

  106.     12729 pts/3 00:00:00 bash

  107.     38471 pts/3 00:00:00 ps

  108.     [1]+ Done ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql

  109.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ps -ef|grep mysql

  110.     root 38473 12729 0 15:56 pts/3 00:00:00 grep mysql

  111.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# service mysqld start

  112.     Starting MySQL.The server quit without updating PID file (/[FAILED]ql/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid).

  113.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]#

  114.     [root@xxx local]# cp src/mysql-5.6.24/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqldcp: overwrite `/etc/init.d/mysqld'? y

  115.     [root@xxx local]# service mysqld start

  116.     /etc/init.d/mysqld: line 256: my_print_defaults: command not found

  117.     /etc/init.d/mysqld: line 276: cd: /usr/local/mysqlrp: No such file or directory

  118.     Starting MySQLCouldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysqlr[FAILED]sqld_safe)

  119.     [root@xxx local]# mv mysql mysqlrp

  120.     [root@xxx local]# service mysqld start

  121.     Starting MySQL.The server quit without updating PID file (/[FAILED]ql/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid).

  122.     [root@xxx local]# vi /etc/my.cnf

  123.         datadir=xxxx

  124.     [root@xxx local]# service mysqld start

  125.     Starting MySQL.

  126.     [ OK ]

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