Apacheweb服務(wù)-創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)
第九單元
創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)-專業(yè)網(wǎng)站定制、快速模板網(wǎng)站建設(shè)、高性價(jià)比蘭考網(wǎng)站開發(fā)、企業(yè)建站全套包干低至880元,成熟完善的模板庫(kù),直接使用。一站式蘭考網(wǎng)站制作公司更省心,省錢,快速模板網(wǎng)站建設(shè)找我們，業(yè)務(wù)覆蓋蘭考地區(qū)。費(fèi)用合理售后完善，10多年實(shí)體公司更值得信賴。Apache web服務(wù)
一 Apache安裝
1 yum install httpd -y ###安裝apache軟件包###
2 systemctl start httpd ###開啟服務(wù)###
3 systemctl enable httpd.service ###開機(jī)自動(dòng)開啟服務(wù)###
4 systemctl stop firewalld.service ###關(guān)閉防火墻###
5 systemctl disable firewalld.service ###開機(jī)自動(dòng)關(guān)閉###
6 netstat -antlp | grep httpd ###查看監(jiān)聽端口###
二 apache基本信息
1 apache的默認(rèn)發(fā)布目錄
index.html
2 apache的配置文件
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf ###主配置文件###
ServerRoot "/etc/httpd" ###用于指定Apache的運(yùn)行目錄###
Listen 80 ###監(jiān)聽端口###
User apache ###運(yùn)行apache程序的用戶和組###
Group apache
ServerAdmin root@localhost ###管理員郵箱###
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html" ###網(wǎng)頁(yè)文件的存放目錄###
<Directory "/var/www/html"> ##<Directory>語句塊自定義目錄權(quán)限##
Require all granted
</Directory>
ErrorLog "logs/error_log" ###錯(cuò)誤日志存放位置###
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 ###默認(rèn)支持的語言###
IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf ###加載其它配置文件###
DirectoryIndex index.html ###默認(rèn)主頁(yè)名稱###
/etc/httpd/conf.d/*.conf ###子配置文件###
3 apache的默認(rèn)發(fā)布目錄
/var/www/html
4 apache的默認(rèn)端口
80
三 apache的基本配置
1 ）默認(rèn)文件的修改
1 vim /var/www/html/index.html ###編寫默認(rèn)文件###
內(nèi)容：
<h2> hello world </h2>
2 vim /var/www/html/ westos.html ###編寫默認(rèn)文件###
內(nèi)容:
<h2> westos linux </h2>
3 vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.con
168 <IfModule dir_module>
169 DirectoryIndex westos.html index.html ###默認(rèn)westos.html為默認(rèn)文件，如果westos.html不存在，則默認(rèn)文件為index.html#####
170 </IfModule>
4 systemctl restart httpd.service ###重新啟動(dòng)服務(wù)###
測(cè)試：
登入 172.25.254.112 查看顯示的內(nèi)容是index.html還是westos.html
如果將westos.html文件刪除
過程如下：
[root@mariadb mysqladmin]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@mariadb html]# ls
admin cgi mysqladmin
[root@mariadb html]# vim index.html
[root@mariadb html]# vim westos.html
[root@mariadb html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[root@mariadb html]# systemctl restart httpd.service
[root@mariadb html]# rm -fr westos.html
2 ）默認(rèn)目錄的修改
當(dāng)selinux是disabled的時(shí)候：
1 mkdir /westos/www/test -p ###建立一個(gè)目錄作為默認(rèn)目錄###
2 vim /westos/www/test/westos.html ###編寫默認(rèn)文件###
內(nèi)容：
<h2> westos's page </h2>
3 vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
121 DocumentRoot "/westos/www/test" ###修改默認(rèn)目錄###
122
123 <Directory "/westos/www/test"> ###設(shè)置默認(rèn)目錄訪問權(quán)限####
124 Require all granted ####允許所有人訪問####
125 </Directory>
4 systemctl restart httpd.service ###重啟服務(wù)###
測(cè)試：
登入172.25.254.112查看內(nèi)容：
過程如下：
[root@mariadb html]# mkdir /westos/www/test -p
[root@mariadb html]# vim /westos/www/test/westos.html
[root@mariadb html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[root@mariadb html]# systemctl restart httpd.service
當(dāng)selinux是enforcing狀態(tài)：
在添加下面兩步：
1 semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t '/westos(/.*)?'###修改安全上下文###
2 restorecon -RvvF /westos/ ###刷新###
3 )apache的訪問控制
設(shè)定ip的訪問：
1 mkdir /var/www/html/admin/
2 vim /var/www/html/admin/index.html
<h2> admin's page </h2>
3 vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
<Directory "/var/www/html/admin">
Order Allow,Deny ###允許所有人訪問admin目錄但只有78主機(jī)不能訪問###
Allow from All
Deny from 172.25.254.78
</Directory>
<<Directory "/var/www/html/admin"> ###只允許78訪問訪問admin目錄####
Order Deny,Allow
Allow from 172.25.254.78
Deny from All
</Directory>
3 systemctl restart httpd.service ###重啟服務(wù)###
過程如下：
[root@mariadb ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/admin/
[root@mariadb ~]# vim /var/www/html/admin/index.html
[root@mariadb ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[root@mariadb ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service
特定用戶的訪問：
1 htpasswd -cm /etc/httpd/accessuser admin ###設(shè)定用戶，-c指創(chuàng)建，-m指定名稱，改命令為創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)用戶admin，該用戶信息存放在/etc/httpd/accessuser#####
2 htpasswd -m /etc/httpd/accessuser tom ###創(chuàng)建用戶tom，第二次創(chuàng)建不用加-c，不然會(huì)將第一次創(chuàng)建的用戶信息覆蓋###
3 vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
<Directory "/var/www/html/admin">
AuthUserFile /etc/httpd/accessuser ###用戶認(rèn)證文件###
AuthName "please input your name and password !!" ###用戶認(rèn)證提示信息###
AuthType basic ###認(rèn)證類型###
Require user tom ###認(rèn)證用戶，只有tom可以訪問，如果是Require valid-user 則認(rèn)證文件中的所有用戶###
</Directory>
過程如下：
[root@mariadb ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[root@mariadb ~]# cd /etc/httpd/
[root@mariadb httpd]# htpasswd -cm /etc/httpd/accessuser admin
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user admin
[root@mariadb httpd]# cat /etc/httpd/accessuser
admin:$apr1$/2PFvsol$SDJa/.mb1dmWnjHzZEPu11
[root@mariadb httpd]# htpasswd -m /etc/httpd/accessuser tom
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user tom
[root@mariadb httpd]# cat /etc/httpd/accessuser
admin:$apr1$/2PFvsol$SDJa/.mb1dmWnjHzZEPu11
tom:$apr1$pZ1snUMw$Sd/oscb2DOr0j6aCTvoDB1
[root@mariadb httpd]# mkdir -p /var/www/html/admin
[root@mariadb httpd]# systemctl restart httpd.service
測(cè)試：
登入172.25.254.112/admin
4）apache語言支持
php html cqi
默認(rèn)支持：html
php語言：
1 yum install php -y
2 vim /var/www/html/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
3 systemctl restart httpd.service
過程如下：
[root@mariadb html]# yum install php
[root@mariadb html]# vim /var/www/html/index.html
[root@mariadb html]# systemctl restart httpd.service
cgi語言：
1 yum install httpd-manual -y
2 mkdir /var/www/html/cgi
3 cd /var/www/html/cgi/
4 vim index.cgi
#!/usr/bin/perl
print "Content-type: text/html\n\n";
print `date`;
5 chmod +x index.cgi
6 vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
179 DirectoryIndex index.html index.cgi
135 <Directory "/var/www/html/cgi">
136 Options +ExecCGI
137 AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
138 </Directory>
[root@mariadb httpd]# yum install httpd-manual -y
[root@mariadb httpd]# systemctl restart httpd.service
[root@mariadb httpd]# mkdir /var/www/html/cgi
[root@mariadb httpd]# touch /var/www/html/cgi/index.cgi
[root@mariadb httpd]# cd /var/www/html/cgi/
[root@mariadb cgi]# vim index.cgi
[root@mariadb cgi]# chmod +x index.cgi
[root@mariadb cgi]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[root@mariadb cgi]# systemctl restart httpd.service
測(cè)試：
登入172.25.254.112/cgi
三 虛擬主機(jī)
1 ) 定義：
可以讓我們的一臺(tái)aoache服務(wù)器在被訪問不同域名的時(shí)候顯示不同的主頁(yè),虛擬主機(jī)允許您從一個(gè)httpd服務(wù)器同時(shí)為多個(gè)網(wǎng)站提供服務(wù)
2 )建立測(cè)試頁(yè)：
cd /var/www/
mkdir virtual
mkdir virtual/news.westos.com
mkdir virtual/money.westos.com
mkdir virtual/money.westos.com/html
mkdir virtual/news.westos.com/html
echo "money.westos.com's page" > virtual/money.westos.com/html/index.html
echo "news.westos.com's page" > virtual/news.westos.com/html/index.html
3 )配置
1 cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/ ##在子配置文件里配置
2 vim default.conf ###沒有指定域名的訪問都訪問default
<virtualhost _default_:80> ####虛擬主機(jī)開啟的端口####
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html" ###虛擬主機(jī)的默認(rèn)發(fā)布目錄###
CustomLog "logs/default.log" combined ###虛擬主機(jī)日志###
</Virtualhost>
3 vim news.conf ###指定域名為news.westos.com的訪問###
<Virtualhost *:80>
ServerName "news.westos.com" ###指定服務(wù)器名稱###
DocumentRoot "/var/www/virtual/news.westos.com/html"
CustomLog "logs/news.log" combined
</Virtualhost>
<Directory "/var/www/virtual/news.westos.com/html"> ###默認(rèn)發(fā)布目錄訪問授權(quán)#
Require all granted
</Directory>
4 vim money.conf ###指定域名為money.westos.com的訪問###
<Virtualhost *:80>
ServerName "money.westos.com"
DocumentRoot "/var/www/virtual/money.westos.com/html"
CustomLog "logs/money.log" combined
</Virtualhost>
<Directory "/var/www/virtual/money.westos.com/html">
Require all granted
</Directory>
5 systemctl restart httpd.service ###重啟服務(wù)###
6 在在瀏覽器的主機(jī)上要進(jìn)行本地解析：
[root@foundation12 Desktop]# vim /etc/hosts
172.25.254.112 www.westos.com news.westos.com money.westos.com
測(cè)試：
分別登入www.westos.com , new.westos.com , money.westos.com
過程如下：
[root@server ~]# cd /var/www/ ###建立測(cè)試頁(yè)###
[root@server www]# mkdir virtual
[root@server www]# ls
cgi-bin html virtual
[root@server www]# mkdir virtual/news.westos.com
[root@server www]# mkdir virtual/money.westos.com
[root@server www]# mkdir virtual/money.westos.com/html
[root@server www]# mkdir virtual/news.westos.com/html
[root@server www]# echo "money.westos.com's page" > virtual/money.westos.com/html/index.html
[root@server www]# echo "news.westos.com's page" > virtual/news.westos.com/html/index.html
[root@server conf]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/ ##在子配置文件里配置###
[root@server conf.d]# ls
autoindex.conf php.conf userdir.conf
manual.conf README welcome.conf
[root@server conf.d]# vim default.conf
[root@server conf.d]# vim news.conf
[root@server conf.d]# cp news.conf money.conf
[root@server conf.d]# vim money.conf
[root@server conf]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d
[root@server conf.d]# ls
autoindex.conf manual.conf news.conf README welcome.conf
default.conf money.conf php.conf userdir.conf
[root@server conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd.service ###重啟服務(wù)###
在瀏覽器的主機(jī)上要進(jìn)行本地解析：
[root@foundation12 Desktop]# vim /etc/hosts
172.25.254.112 www.westos.com news.westos.com money.westos.com
4 )配置https
http的訪問是明文的訪問，https的訪問是加密的訪問。
https訪問的監(jiān)聽端口是443
1 netstat -antlpe | grep httpd ###查看與httpd有關(guān)的端口有哪些##
2 yum install mod_ssl -y ###只有安裝了ssl才會(huì)有443端口###
3 vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf ###安裝號(hào)ssl后就會(huì)出現(xiàn)ssl.conf文件,文件內(nèi)容有443端口####
4 yum install crypto-utils.x86_64 -y ###安裝生成自簽名證書的軟件包###
5 genkey www.westos.com ###調(diào)用genkey生成證書###
--> 記錄生成的證書和關(guān)聯(lián)的私鑰的位置
--> 選擇合適的密鑰大小
--> 在生成隨機(jī)數(shù)時(shí)比較慢,敲鍵盤和移動(dòng)鼠標(biāo)可以加速
--> 拒絕向認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)(CA)發(fā)送證書請(qǐng)求(CSR)
--> 拒絕加密私鑰
--> 為服務(wù)器提供合適的身份。Common Name必須與服務(wù)器的主機(jī)全名完全匹配(注意,任何逗號(hào)都應(yīng)使用前導(dǎo)反斜線[\]進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)義)
-->
6 vim ssl.conf
7 vim login.conf
<VirtualHost *:443> ###https的監(jiān)聽端口###
ServerName "login.westos.com"
DocumentRoot "/var/www/virtual/login.westos.com/html"
CustomLog "logs/login.log" combined
SSLEngine on ###開啟https的功能###
SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/www.westos.com.crt ###證書###
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key ##秘鑰###
</VirtualHost>
<Directory "/var/www/virtual/login.westos.com/html">
Require all granted
</Directory>
過程如下：
[root@localhost conf.d]# yum install mod_ssl.x86_64 -y
[root@localhost conf.d]# yum install crypto-utils.x86_64 -y
[root@localhost conf.d]# genkey www.westos.com
/usr/bin/keyutil -c makecert -g 512 -s "CN=www.westos.com, OU=linux, O=westos, L=xi'an, ST=Shannxi, C=CN" -v 1 -a -z /etc/pki/tls/.rand.3946 -o /etc/pki/tls/certs/www.westos.com.crt -k /etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key
cmdstr: makecert
cmd_CreateNewCert
command: makecert
keysize = 512 bits
subject = CN=www.westos.com, OU=linux, O=westos, L=xi'an, ST=Shannxi, C=CN
valid for 1 months
random seed from /etc/pki/tls/.rand.3946
output will be written to /etc/pki/tls/certs/www.westos.com.crt
output key written to /etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key
Generating key. This may take a few moments...
Made a key
Opened tmprequest for writing
/usr/bin/keyutil Copying the cert pointer
Created a certificate
Wrote 486 bytes of encoded data to /etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key
Wrote the key to:
/etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key
[root@localhost conf.d]# ls
autoindex.conf money.conf README tmprequest welcome.conf
default.conf news.conf ssl.conf userdir.conf
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim ssl.conf
[1]+ Stopped vim ssl.conf
[root@localhost conf.d]# fg
vim ssl.conf
[1]+ Stopped vim ssl.conf
[root@localhost conf.d]# fg
vim ssl.conf
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd.service
[root@localhost conf.d]# netstat -antlpe | grep httpd
tcp6 0 0 :::443 :::* LISTEN 0 97088 4088/httpd
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 0 97074 4088/httpd
[root@localhost conf.d]# cp -p money.conf login.conf
[root@localhost conf.d]# mkdir /var/www/virtual/login.westos.com/html -p
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /var/www/virtual/login.westos.com/html/index.html
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim login.conf
<VirtualHost *:443> ###https的監(jiān)聽端口###
ServerName "login.westos.com"
DocumentRoot "/var/www/virtual/login.westos.com/html"
CustomLog "logs/login.log" combined
SSLEngine on ###開啟https功能###
SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/www.westos.com.crt##證書##
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key##密鑰##
</VirtualHost>
<Directory "/var/www/virtual/login.westos.com/html">
Require all granted
</Directory>
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd.service
測(cè)試：登入login.westos.com
5)網(wǎng)頁(yè)重寫
1 vim login.conf
<Virtualhost *:443>
ServerName "login.westos.com"
DocumentRoot "/var/www/virtual/login.westos.com/html"
CustomLog "logs/login.log" combined
SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/www.westos.com.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key
</Virtualhost>
<Directory "/var/www/virtual/login.westos.com/html">
Require all granted
</Directory>
<Virtualhost *:80> ###網(wǎng)頁(yè)重寫實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)訪問https###
ServerName login.westos.com
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^(/.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}$1 [redirect=301]
</Virtualhost>
^(/.*)$ ###客戶主機(jī)在地址欄中寫入的所有字符，除了換行符###
https:// ###定向成為的訪問協(xié)議###
%{HTTP_HOST} ###客戶請(qǐng)求主機(jī)###
$1 ###指^(/.*)$的值###
[redirect=301] ###301指臨時(shí)重定向，302指永久重定向###
2 systemctl restart httpd.service
測(cè)試：
在客戶主機(jī)中添加解析
172.25.254.112 login.westos.com
訪問http://login.westos.com 會(huì)自動(dòng)跳轉(zhuǎn)到
https：//login.westos.com
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