1. 概述
慈利網(wǎng)站建設公司成都創(chuàng)新互聯(lián),慈利網(wǎng)站設計制作,有大型網(wǎng)站制作公司豐富經(jīng)驗。已為慈利成百上千提供企業(yè)網(wǎng)站建設服務。企業(yè)網(wǎng)站搭建\外貿(mào)網(wǎng)站建設要多少錢,請找那個售后服務好的慈利做網(wǎng)站的公司定做!最近在做一些關于人臉識別的項目,需要用到 Android 相機的預覽功能。網(wǎng)上查閱相關資料后,發(fā)現(xiàn) Android 5.0 及以后的版本中,原有的 Camera API 已經(jīng)被 Camera2 API 所取代。
全新的 Camera2 在 Camera 的基礎上進行了改造,大幅提升了 Android 系統(tǒng)的拍照功能。它通過以下幾個類與方法來實現(xiàn)相機預覽時的工作過程:
?CameraManager :攝像頭管理器,主要用于檢測系統(tǒng)攝像頭、打開系統(tǒng)攝像頭等;
?CameraDevice : 用于描述系統(tǒng)攝像頭,可用于關閉相機、創(chuàng)建相機會話、發(fā)送拍照請求等;
?CameraCharacteristics :用于描述攝像頭所支持的各種特性;
?CameraCaptureSession :當程序需要預覽、拍照時,都需要先通過 CameraCaptureSession 來實現(xiàn)。該會話通過調(diào)用方法 setRepeatingRequest() 實現(xiàn)預覽;
?CameraRequest :代表一次捕獲請求,用于描述捕獲圖片的各種參數(shù)設置;
?CameraRequest.Builder :負責生成 CameraRequest 對象。
2. 相機預覽
下面通過源碼來講解如何使用 Camera2 來實現(xiàn)相機的預覽功能。
2.1 相機權限設置
<uses-permission?android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"?/>
2.2 App 布局
?activity_main.xml
<?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="utf-8"?><FrameLayout?xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" ?xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" ?android:id="@+id/container" ?android:layout_width="match_parent" ?android:layout_height="match_parent" ?android:background="#000" ?tools:context=".MainActivity"></FrameLayout>?fragment_camera.xml<?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="utf-8"?><RelativeLayout?xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" ?xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" ?android:layout_width="match_parent" ?android:layout_height="match_parent" ?tools:context=".CameraFragment"> ?<com.lightweh.camera2preview.AutoFitTextureView ?android:id="@+id/textureView" ?android:layout_width="wrap_content" ?android:layout_height="wrap_content" ?android:layout_centerVertical="true" ?android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"?/></RelativeLayout>
2.3 相機自定義View
public?class?AutoFitTextureView?extends?TextureView?{?private?int?mRatioWidth?=?0;?private?int?mRatioHeight?=?0;?public?AutoFitTextureView(Context?context)?{?this(context,?null); ?}?public?AutoFitTextureView(Context?context,?AttributeSet?attrs)?{?this(context,?attrs,?0); ?}?public?AutoFitTextureView(Context?context,?AttributeSet?attrs,?int?defStyle)?{?super(context,?attrs,?defStyle); ?}?public?void?setAspectRatio(int?width,?int?height)?{?if?(width?<?0?||?height?<?0)?{?throw?new?IllegalArgumentException("Size?cannot?be?negative."); ?} ?mRatioWidth?=?width; ?mRatioHeight?=?height; ?requestLayout(); ?}?@Override ?protected?void?onMeasure(int?widthMeasureSpec,?int?heightMeasureSpec)?{?super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec,?heightMeasureSpec);?int?width?=?MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);?int?height?=?MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);?if?(0?==?mRatioWidth?||?0?==?mRatioHeight)?{ ?setMeasuredDimension(width,?height); ?}?else?{?if?(width?<?height?*?mRatioWidth?/?mRatioHeight)?{ ?setMeasuredDimension(width,?width?*?mRatioHeight?/?mRatioWidth); ?}?else?{ ?setMeasuredDimension(height?*?mRatioWidth?/?mRatioHeight,?height); ?} ?} ?} }
2.4 動態(tài)申請相機權限
public?class?MainActivity?extends?AppCompatActivity?{?private?static?final?int?REQUEST_PERMISSION?=?1;?@Override ?protected?void?onCreate(Bundle?savedInstanceState)?{?super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); ?setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);?if?(hasPermission())?{?if?(null?==?savedInstanceState)?{ ?setFragment(); ?} ?}?else?{ ?requestPermission(); ?} ?}?@Override ?public?void?onRequestPermissionsResult(int?requestCode,?String?permissions[],?int[]?grantResults)?{?if?(requestCode?==?REQUEST_PERMISSION)?{?if?(grantResults.length?==?1?&&?grantResults[0]?==?PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)?{ ?setFragment(); ?}?else?{ ?requestPermission(); ?} ?}?else?{?super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode,?permissions,?grantResults); ?} ?}?//?權限判斷,當系統(tǒng)版本大于23時,才有必要判斷是否獲取權限 ?private?boolean?hasPermission()?{?if?(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT?>=?Build.VERSION_CODES.M)?{?return?checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.CAMERA)?==?PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED; ?}?else?{?return?true; ?} ?}?//?請求相機權限 ?private?void?requestPermission()?{?if?(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT?>=?Build.VERSION_CODES.M)?{?if?(shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(Manifest.permission.CAMERA))?{ ?Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,?"Camera?permission?are?required?for?this?demo",?Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); ?} ?requestPermissions(new?String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA},?REQUEST_PERMISSION); ?} ?}?//?啟動相機Fragment ?private?void?setFragment()?{ ?getSupportFragmentManager() ?.beginTransaction() ?.replace(R.id.container,?CameraFragment.newInstance()) ?.commitNowAllowingStateLoss(); ?} }
2.5 開啟相機預覽
首先,在onResume()中,我們需要開啟一個 HandlerThread,然后利用該線程的 Looper 對象構建一個 Handler 用于相機回調(diào)。
@Overridepublic?void?onResume()?{?super.onResume(); ?startBackgroundThread();?//?When?the?screen?is?turned?off?and?turned?back?on,?the?SurfaceTexture?is? ?//?already?available,?and?"onSurfaceTextureAvailable"?will?not?be?called.?In? ?//?that?case,?we?can?open?a?camera?and?start?preview?from?here?(otherwise,?we? ?//?wait?until?the?surface?is?ready?in?the?SurfaceTextureListener). ?if?(mTextureView.isAvailable())?{ ?openCamera(mTextureView.getWidth(),?mTextureView.getHeight()); ?}?else?{ ?mTextureView.setSurfaceTextureListener(mSurfaceTextureListener); ?} }private?void?startBackgroundThread()?{ ?mBackgroundThread?=?new?HandlerThread("CameraBackground"); ?mBackgroundThread.start(); ?mBackgroundHandler?=?new?Handler(mBackgroundThread.getLooper()); } 同時,在?onPause()?中有對應的?HandlerThread?關閉方法。 當屏幕關閉后重新開啟,SurfaceTexture?已經(jīng)就緒,此時不會觸發(fā)?onSurfaceTextureAvailable?回調(diào)。因此,我們判斷?mTextureView?如果可用,則直接打開相機,否則等待?SurfaceTexture?回調(diào)就緒后再開啟相機。private?void?openCamera(int?width,?int?height)?{?if?(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(getActivity(),?Manifest.permission.CAMERA) ?!=?PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)?{?return; ?} ?setUpCameraOutputs(width,?height); ?configureTransform(width,?height); ?Activity?activity?=?getActivity(); ?CameraManager?manager?=?(CameraManager)?activity.getSystemService(Context.CAMERA_SERVICE);?try?{?if?(!mCameraOpenCloseLock.tryAcquire(2500,?TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS))?{?throw?new?RuntimeException("Time?out?waiting?to?lock?camera?opening."); ?} ?manager.openCamera(mCameraId,?mStateCallback,?mBackgroundHandler); ?}?catch?(CameraAccessException?e)?{ ?e.printStackTrace(); ?}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{?throw?new?RuntimeException("Interrupted?while?trying?to?lock?camera?opening.",?e); ?} } 開啟相機時,我們首先判斷是否具備相機權限,然后調(diào)用?setUpCameraOutputs?函數(shù)對相機參數(shù)進行設置(包括指定攝像頭、相機預覽方向以及預覽尺寸的設定等),接下來調(diào)用?configureTransform?函數(shù)對預覽圖片的大小和方向進行調(diào)整,最后獲取?CameraManager?對象開啟相機。因為相機有可能會被其他進程同時訪問,所以在開啟相機時需要加鎖。private?final?CameraDevice.StateCallback?mStateCallback?=?new?CameraDevice.StateCallback()?{?@Override ?public?void?onOpened(@NonNull?CameraDevice?cameraDevice)?{ ?mCameraOpenCloseLock.release(); ?mCameraDevice?=?cameraDevice; ?createCameraPreviewSession(); ?}?@Override ?public?void?onDisconnected(@NonNull?CameraDevice?cameraDevice)?{ ?mCameraOpenCloseLock.release(); ?cameraDevice.close(); ?mCameraDevice?=?null; ?}?@Override ?public?void?onError(@NonNull?CameraDevice?cameraDevice,?int?error)?{ ?mCameraOpenCloseLock.release(); ?cameraDevice.close(); ?mCameraDevice?=?null; ?Activity?activity?=?getActivity();?if?(null?!=?activity)?{ ?activity.finish(); ?} ?} };
相機開啟時還會指定相機的狀態(tài)變化回調(diào)函數(shù) mStateCallback,如果相機成功開啟,則開始創(chuàng)建相機預覽會話。
private?void?createCameraPreviewSession()?{?try?{?//?獲取?texture?實例 ?SurfaceTexture?texture?=?mTextureView.getSurfaceTexture();?assert?texture?!=?null;?//?設置?TextureView?緩沖區(qū)大小 ?texture.setDefaultBufferSize(mPreviewSize.getWidth(),?mPreviewSize.getHeight());?//?獲取?Surface?顯示預覽數(shù)據(jù) ?Surface?surface?=?new?Surface(texture);?//?構建適合相機預覽的請求 ?mPreviewRequestBuilder?=?mCameraDevice.createCaptureRequest(CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_PREVIEW);?//?設置?surface?作為預覽數(shù)據(jù)的顯示界面 ?mPreviewRequestBuilder.addTarget(surface);?//?創(chuàng)建相機捕獲會話用于預覽 ?mCameraDevice.createCaptureSession(Arrays.asList(surface),?new?CameraCaptureSession.StateCallback()?{??@Override ??public?void?onConfigured(@NonNull?CameraCaptureSession?cameraCaptureSession)?{??//?如果相機關閉則返回 ??if?(null?==?mCameraDevice)?{??return; ??}??//?如果會話準備好則開啟預覽 ??mCaptureSession?=?cameraCaptureSession;??try?{??//?自動對焦 ??mPreviewRequestBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_MODE, ???CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_MODE_CONTINUOUS_PICTURE); ??mPreviewRequest?=?mPreviewRequestBuilder.build();??//?設置反復捕獲數(shù)據(jù)的請求,預覽界面一直顯示畫面 ??mCaptureSession.setRepeatingRequest(mPreviewRequest,???null,?mBackgroundHandler); ??}?catch?(CameraAccessException?e)?{ ??e.printStackTrace(); ??} ??}??@Override ??public?void?onConfigureFailed( ??@NonNull?CameraCaptureSession?cameraCaptureSession)?{ ??showToast("Failed"); ??} ?},?null ?); ?}?catch?(CameraAccessException?e)?{ ?e.printStackTrace(); ?} }
以上便是 Camera2 API 實現(xiàn)相機預覽的主要過程。有什么問題歡迎一起交流討論
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