iOS中如何實現(xiàn)WebSocket長鏈接

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WebSocket

WebSocket 是 HTML5 一種新的協(xié)議。它實現(xiàn)了瀏覽器與服務器全雙工通信，能更好的節(jié)省服務器資源和帶寬并達到實時通訊，它建立在 TCP 之上，同 HTTP 一樣通過 TCP 來傳輸數(shù)據(jù)，但是它和 HTTP 最大不同是：WebSocket 是一種雙向通信協(xié)議.

由于項目需要創(chuàng)建一個聊天室,需要通過長鏈接,和后臺保持通訊,進行聊天,并且實時進行熱點消息的推送.

目前Facebook的SocketRocket應該是目前最好的關于SocketRocket使用的框架了.而且簡單易用.

使用

一般一個項目在啟動后的某個時機會啟動創(chuàng)建一個長鏈接,如果需要多個就多次創(chuàng)建.如果只要一個就可以封裝為一個單例,全局使用.

可以使用podpod管理庫, 在podfile中加入

pod 'SocketRocket'

在使用命令行工具cd到當前工程安裝

pod install

導入頭文件后即可使用.

為求穩(wěn)定,我的做法是copy的FaceBook里SocketRocket庫到項目里. --> SocketRocket地址

1.首先創(chuàng)建一個名為 WebSocketManager 的單例類,

+(instancetype)shared;

2.創(chuàng)建一個枚舉,分別表示W(wǎng)ebSocket的鏈接狀態(tài)

typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger,WebSocketConnectType){ WebSocketDefault = 0, //初始狀態(tài),未連接,不需要重新連接 WebSocketConnect, //已連接 WebSocketDisconnect //連接后斷開,需要重新連接};

3.創(chuàng)建連接

//建立長連接- (void)connectServer;

4.處理連接成功的結果;

-(void)webSocketDidOpen:(RMWebSocket *)webSocket; //連接成功回調(diào)

5.處理連接失敗的結果

- (void)webSocket:(SRWebSocket *)webSocket didFailWithError:(NSError *)error;//連接失敗回調(diào)

6.接收消息

///接收消息回調(diào),需要提前和后臺約定好消息格式.- (void)webSocket:(SRWebSocket *)webSocket didReceiveMessageWithString:(nonnull NSString *)string

7.關閉連接

- (void)webSocket:(SRWebSocket *)webSocket didCloseWithCode:(NSInteger)code reason:(NSString *)reason wasClean:(BOOL)wasClean;///關閉連接回調(diào)的代理

8.為保持長鏈接的連接狀態(tài),需要定時向后臺發(fā)送消息,就是俗稱的:心跳包.

需要創(chuàng)建一個定時器,固定時間發(fā)送消息.

9.鏈接斷開情況處理:

首先判斷是否是主動斷開,如果是主動斷開就不作處理.

如果不是主動斷開鏈接,需要做重新連接的邏輯.

具體代碼如下:

WebSocketManager.h 中的代碼

#import<foundation foundation="" h="">#import "RMWebSocket.h"typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger,WebSocketConnectType){ WebSocketDefault = 0, //初始狀態(tài),未連接 WebSocketConnect, //已連接 WebSocketDisconnect //連接后斷開};@class WebSocketManager;@protocol WebSocketManagerDelegate <nsobject>- (void)webSocketManagerDidReceiveMessageWithString:(NSString *)string;@enDNS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN@interface WebSocketManager : NSObject@property (nonatomic, strong) RMWebSocket *webSocket;@property(nonatomic,weak) id <websocketmanagerdelegate nbsp=""> delegate;@property (nonatomic, assign) BOOL isConnect; //是否連接@property (nonatomic, assign) WebSocketConnectType connectType;+(instancetype)shared;- (void)connectServer;//建立長連接- (void)reConnectServer;//重新連接- (void)RMWebSocketClose;//關閉長連接- (void)sendDataToServer:(NSString *)data;//發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)給服務器@endNS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END </websocketmanagerdelegate> </nsobject></foundation>

WebSocketManager.m 中的代碼

#import "WebSocketManager.h"@interface WebSocketManager ()<rmwebsocketdelegate>@property (nonatomic, strong) NSTimer *heartBeatTimer; //心跳定時器@property (nonatomic, strong) NSTimer *netWorkTestingTimer; //沒有網(wǎng)絡的時候檢測網(wǎng)絡定時器@property (nonatomic, assign) NSTimeInterval reConnectTime; //重連時間@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableArray *sendDataArray; //存儲要發(fā)送給服務端的數(shù)據(jù)@property (nonatomic, assign) BOOL isActivelyClose; //用于判斷是否主動關閉長連接，如果是主動斷開連接，連接失敗的代理中，就不用執(zhí)行重新連接方法@end@implementation WebSocketManager+(instancetype)shared{ static WebSocketManager *_instance = nil; static dispatch_once_t onceToken; dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{ _instance = [[self alloc]init]; }); return _instance;}- (instancetype)init{ self = [super init]; if(self){ self.reConnectTime = 0; self.isActivelyClose = NO; self.sendDataArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; } return self;}//建立長連接- (void)connectServer{ self.isActivelyClose = NO; self.webSocket.delegate = nil; [self.webSocket close]; _webSocket = nil;// self.webSocket = [[RMWebSocket alloc] initWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"https://dev-im-gateway.runxsports.com/ws/token=88888888"]]; self.webSocket = [[RMWebSocket alloc] initWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"ws://chat.workerman.net:7272"]]; self.webSocket.delegate = self; [self.webSocket open];}- (void)sendPing:(id)sender{ [self.webSocket sendPing:nil error:NULL];}#pragma mark --------------------------------------------------#pragma mark - socket delegate///開始連接-(void)webSocketDidOpen:(RMWebSocket *)webSocket{ NSLog(@"socket 開始連接"); self.isConnect = YES; self.connectType = WebSocketConnect; [self initHeartBeat];///開始心跳}///連接失敗-(void)webSocket:(RMWebSocket *)webSocket didFailWithError:(NSError *)error{ NSLog(@"連接失敗"); self.isConnect = NO; self.connectType = WebSocketDisconnect; DLog(@"連接失敗，這里可以實現(xiàn)掉線自動重連，要注意以下幾點"); DLog(@"1.判斷當前網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境，如果斷網(wǎng)了就不要連了，等待網(wǎng)絡到來，在發(fā)起重連"); DLog(@"3.連接次數(shù)限制，如果連接失敗了，重試10次左右就可以了"); //判斷網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境 if (AFNetworkReachabilityManager.sharedManager.networkReachabilityStatus == AFNetworkReachabilityStatusNotReachable){ //沒有網(wǎng)絡 [self noNetWorkStartTestingTimer];//開啟網(wǎng)絡檢測定時器 }else{ //有網(wǎng)絡 [self reConnectServer];//連接失敗就重連 }}///接收消息-(void)webSocket:(RMWebSocket *)webSocket didReceiveMessageWithString:(NSString *)string{ NSLog(@"接收消息---- %@",string); if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(webSocketManagerDidReceiveMessageWithString:)]) { [self.delegate webSocketManagerDidReceiveMessageWithString:string]; }}///關閉連接-(void)webSocket:(RMWebSocket *)webSocket didCloseWithCode:(NSInteger)code reason:(NSString *)reason wasClean:(BOOL)wasClean{ self.isConnect = NO; if(self.isActivelyClose){ self.connectType = WebSocketDefault; return; }else{ self.connectType = WebSocketDisconnect; } DLog(@"被關閉連接，code:%ld,reason:%@,wasClean:%d",code,reason,wasClean); [self destoryHeartBeat]; //斷開連接時銷毀心跳 //判斷網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境 if (AFNetworkReachabilityManager.sharedManager.networkReachabilityStatus == AFNetworkReachabilityStatusNotReachable){ //沒有網(wǎng)絡 [self noNetWorkStartTestingTimer];//開啟網(wǎng)絡檢測 }else{ //有網(wǎng)絡 NSLog(@"關閉連接"); _webSocket = nil; [self reConnectServer];//連接失敗就重連 }}///ping-(void)webSocket:(RMWebSocket *)webSocket didReceivePong:(NSData *)pongData{ NSLog(@"接受pong數(shù)據(jù)--> %@",pongData);}#pragma mark - NSTimer//初始化心跳- (void)initHeartBeat{ //心跳沒有被關閉 if(self.heartBeatTimer) { return; } [self destoryHeartBeat]; dispatch_main_async_safe(^{ self.heartBeatTimer = [NSTimer timerWithTimeInterval:10 target:self selector:@selector(senderheartBeat) userInfo:nil repeats:true]; [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop]addTimer:self.heartBeatTimer forMode:NSRunLoopCommonModes]; })}//重新連接- (void)reConnectServer{ if(self.webSocket.readyState == RM_OPEN){ return; } if(self.reConnectTime > 1024){ //重連10次 2^10 = 1024 self.reConnectTime = 0; return; } WS(weakSelf); dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(self.reConnectTime *NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ if(weakSelf.webSocket.readyState == RM_OPEN && weakSelf.webSocket.readyState == RM_CONNECTING) { return; } [weakSelf connectServer]; // CTHLog(@"正在重連......"); if(weakSelf.reConnectTime == 0){ //重連時間2的指數(shù)級增長 weakSelf.reConnectTime = 2; }else{ weakSelf.reConnectTime *= 2; } });}//發(fā)送心跳- (void)senderheartBeat{ //和服務端約定好發(fā)送什么作為心跳標識，盡可能的減小心跳包大小 WS(weakSelf); dispatch_main_async_safe(^{ if(weakSelf.webSocket.readyState == RM_OPEN){ [weakSelf sendPing:nil]; } });}//沒有網(wǎng)絡的時候開始定時 -- 用于網(wǎng)絡檢測- (void)noNetWorkStartTestingTimer{ WS(weakSelf); dispatch_main_async_safe(^{ weakSelf.netWorkTestingTimer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:weakSelf selector:@selector(noNetWorkStartTesting) userInfo:nil repeats:YES]; [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] addTimer:weakSelf.netWorkTestingTimer forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode]; });}//定時檢測網(wǎng)絡- (void)noNetWorkStartTesting{ //有網(wǎng)絡 if(AFNetworkReachabilityManager.sharedManager.networkReachabilityStatus != AFNetworkReachabilityStatusNotReachable) { //關閉網(wǎng)絡檢測定時器 [self destoryNetWorkStartTesting]; //開始重連 [self reConnectServer]; }}//取消網(wǎng)絡檢測- (void)destoryNetWorkStartTesting{ WS(weakSelf); dispatch_main_async_safe(^{ if(weakSelf.netWorkTestingTimer) { [weakSelf.netWorkTestingTimer invalidate]; weakSelf.netWorkTestingTimer = nil; } });}//取消心跳- (void)destoryHeartBeat{ WS(weakSelf); dispatch_main_async_safe(^{ if(weakSelf.heartBeatTimer) { [weakSelf.heartBeatTimer invalidate]; weakSelf.heartBeatTimer = nil; } });}//關閉長連接- (void)RMWebSocketClose{ self.isActivelyClose = YES; self.isConnect = NO; self.connectType = WebSocketDefault; if(self.webSocket) { [self.webSocket close]; _webSocket = nil; } //關閉心跳定時器 [self destoryHeartBeat]; //關閉網(wǎng)絡檢測定時器 [self destoryNetWorkStartTesting];}//發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)給服務器- (void)sendDataToServer:(NSString *)data{ [self.sendDataArray addObject:data]; //[_webSocket sendString:data error:NULL]; //沒有網(wǎng)絡 if (AFNetworkReachabilityManager.sharedManager.networkReachabilityStatus == AFNetworkReachabilityStatusNotReachable) { //開啟網(wǎng)絡檢測定時器 [self noNetWorkStartTestingTimer]; } else //有網(wǎng)絡 { if(self.webSocket != nil) { // 只有長連接OPEN開啟狀態(tài)才能調(diào) send 方法，不然會Crash if(self.webSocket.readyState == RM_OPEN) {// if (self.sendDataArray.count > 0)// {// NSString *data = self.sendDataArray[0]; [_webSocket sendString:data error:NULL]; //發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)// [self.sendDataArray removeObjectAtIndex:0];//// } } else if (self.webSocket.readyState == RM_CONNECTING) //正在連接 { DLog(@"正在連接中，重連后會去自動同步數(shù)據(jù)"); } else if (self.webSocket.readyState == RM_CLOSING || self.webSocket.readyState == RM_CLOSED) //斷開連接 { //調(diào)用 reConnectServer 方法重連,連接成功后繼續(xù)發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù) [self reConnectServer]; } } else { [self connectServer]; //連接服務器 } }}@end</rmwebsocketdelegate>

注意點

我們在發(fā)送消息之前,也就是調(diào)用 senderheartBeat/ sendDataToServer:方法之前，一定要判斷當前scoket是否連接，如果不是連接狀態(tài)，程序則會crash。

iOS手機屏幕息屏或者回主頁的時候有可能會造成鏈接斷開,我這邊的處理是在回到屏幕的時候,判斷狀態(tài),如果已經(jīng)斷開,就重新連接.

在 AppDelegate 中:

- (void)applicationDidBecomeActive:(UIApplication *)application { // Restart any tasks that were paused (or not yet started) while the application was inactive. If the application was previously in the background, optionally refresh the user interface. if ([WebSocketManager shared].connectType == WebSocketDisconnect) { [[WebSocketManager shared] connectServer]; }}

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