docker鏡像壓縮docker-squash-創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)
docker build 通過Dockerfile 制作鏡像會根據(jù)命令形成一層層layer,這樣造成文件重復(fù)，鏡像體積比較大；為了縮小層的數(shù)量及其大小，能夠像壓縮git commit一樣壓縮layer層，docker-squash能夠執(zhí)行此操作。Docker squash將壓縮多個鏡像layer層，以便刪除存儲在兩頭步驟中的所有數(shù)據(jù)，即刪除掉重復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)。本文就docker-squash 使用效果展開討論。
pip install docker-squashdocker-squash --help
usage: docker-squash [-h] [-v] [--version] [-d] [-f FROM_LAYER] [-t TAG]
[-m MESSAGE] [-c] [--tmp-dir TMP_DIR]
[--output-path OUTPUT_PATH]
image
Docker layer squashing tool
positional arguments:
image Image to be squashed
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-v, --verbose Verbose output
--version Show version and exit
-d, --development Does not clean up after failure for easier debugging
-f FROM_LAYER, --from-layer FROM_LAYER
Number of layers to squash or ID of the layer (or
image ID or image name) to squash from. In case the
provided value is an integer, specified number of
layers will be squashed. Every layer in the image will
be squashed if the parameter is not provided.
-t TAG, --tag TAG Specify the tag to be used for the new image. If not
specified no tag will be applied
-m MESSAGE, --message MESSAGE
Specify a commit message (comment) for the new image.
-c, --cleanup Remove source image from Docker after squashing
--tmp-dir TMP_DIR Temporary directory to be created and used
--output-path OUTPUT_PATH
Path where the image should be stored after squashing.
If not provided, image will be loaded into Docker
daemon首先docker history查看鏡像層數(shù)
docker history java:3.0
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
63a1b1edb376 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL ImageName=reg.docke… 0B 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL BaseRootfsLayerCoun… 0B 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL BaseLayerCount=25 0B 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL baseOS=reg.docker.a… 0B 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) VOLUME [/home/admin/logs] 0B 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/sh" "-c… 0B 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV JVM_Xms= JVM_Xmx= JVM… 0B 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV JAVA_HOME=/opt/taobao… 0B 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV LANG=zh_CN.utf8 0B 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c [[ $(uname -p) != "sw_64" ]] && r… 97MB 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c yum clean --enablerepo=* all; … 628MB 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:cbad11e2b6b88c38… 19.9MB 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:fd3bca1e9167d639… 21MB 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY dir:2761dc242787e3ab8… 39.2MB 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY dir:8a9faa49606db326b… 8.49MB 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL ImageName=reg.docke… 0B 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL BaseRootfsLayerCoun… 0B 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL BaseLayerCount=10 0B 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL baseOS=reg.docker.a… 0B 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENTRYPOINT [""] 0B 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/sbin/init"] 0B 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY dir:61a850de6501dac7b… 3.03kB 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c sed -i -e 's/root:[^:]*:/root:*:/… 94.6MB 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY dir:ca4e72cff3459ccab… 395B 16 months ago 282MB Imported from - 使用dive 工具查看鏡像效率參數(shù)
CI=true dive java:3.0
Using default CI config
Image Source: docker://java:3.0
Fetching image... (this can take a while for large images)
Analyzing image...
efficiency: 78.5919 %
UserSizeByes: 90775433100 bytes (908 MB)
SizeByes: 118928447300 bytes (1.2 GB)
wastedBytes: 381696817 bytes (382 MB)
userWastedPercent: 42.0485 %
Inefficient Files:
Count Wasted Space File Path
2 119 MB /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive
...
2 0 B /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel0.target
Results:
FAIL: highestUserWastedPercent: too many bytes wasted, relative to the user bytes added (%-user-wasted-bytes=0.4204847104166557 >threshold=0.1)
SKIP: highestWastedBytes: rule disabled
FAIL: lowestEfficiency: image efficiency is too low (efficiency=0.7859187397531037< threshold=0.9)
Result:FAIL [Total:3] [Passed:0] [Failed:2] [Warn:0] [Skipped:1命令格式
docker-squash -f<層數(shù)，依據(jù)docker history>-t 原鏡像名稱 新鏡像名稱如下：
docker-squash -f 11 -t java-squash-11:1.0 java:3.0
2023-01-20 13:41:43,978 root INFO docker-squash version 1.0.10, Docker 5138787, API 1.39...
2023-01-20 13:41:43,978 root INFO Using v2 image format
2023-01-20 13:41:43,982 root INFO Old image has 25 layers
2023-01-20 13:41:43,982 root INFO Checking if squashing is necessary...
2023-01-20 13:41:43,982 root INFO Attempting to squash last 11 layers...
2023-01-20 13:41:43,982 root INFO Saving image sha256:63a1b1edb376fb12838dbbef7749effc1e8e6a973d33a47aee194eff6a173edd to /tmp/docker-squash-OlTnlF/old directory...
2023-01-20 13:42:03,134 root INFO Image saved!
2023-01-20 13:42:03,135 root INFO Squashing image 'java:3.0'...
2023-01-20 13:42:03,136 root INFO Starting squashing...
2023-01-20 13:42:03,870 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-OlTnlF/old/ddf4a6e4ea15a7ca3825c70e116e40f3a01f25b7df008d4517c826ef78c03dc8/layer.tar'...
2023-01-20 13:42:06,729 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-OlTnlF/old/7be6dcb4742458db7e2c77fb1ad9fd66555e6f08d28c74592a9b973740356919/layer.tar'...
2023-01-20 13:42:19,510 root INFO Squashing finished!
2023-01-20 13:42:22,736 root INFO Original image size: 1166.43 MB
2023-01-20 13:42:22,736 root INFO Squashed image size: 1153.64 MB
2023-01-20 13:42:22,736 root INFO Image size decreased by 1.10 %
2023-01-20 13:42:22,736 root INFO New squashed image ID is 794121cd589230285a51d969aac97c5e936d732b0feefe5c05e78b027e850312
2023-01-20 13:42:30,244 root INFO Image registered in Docker daemon as java-squash-11:1.0
2023-01-20 13:42:30,369 root INFO Done壓縮后體積如下：
docker images | grep java
java-squash-11 1.0 794121cd5892 About a minute ago 1.17GB
java 3.0 63a1b1edb376 4 weeks ago 1.19GB再次查看history
docker history java-squash-11:1.0
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
794121cd5892 5 minutes ago 703MB 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:cbad11e2b6b88c38… 19.9MB 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:fd3bca1e9167d639… 21MB 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY dir:2761dc242787e3ab8… 39.2MB 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY dir:8a9faa49606db326b… 8.49MB 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL ImageName=reg.docke… 0B 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL BaseRootfsLayerCoun… 0B 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL BaseLayerCount=10 0B 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL baseOS=reg.docker.a… 0B 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENTRYPOINT [""] 0B 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/sbin/init"] 0B 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY dir:61a850de6501dac7b… 3.03kB 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c sed -i -e 's/root:[^:]*:/root:*:/… 94.6MB 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY dir:ca4e72cff3459ccab… 395B 16 months ago 282MB Imported from - 再次dive 分析,鏡像效率參數(shù)有些許改觀
CI=true dive java-squash-11:1.0
Using default CI config
Image Source: docker://java-squash-11:1.0
Fetching image... (this can take a while for large images)
Analyzing image...
efficiency: 79.9717 %
UserSizeByes: 88655803400 bytes (887 MB)
SizeByes: 116808817600 bytes (1.2 GB)
wastedBytes: 360500520 bytes (360 MB)
userWastedPercent: 40.6629 %
Inefficient Files:
Count Wasted Space File Path
2 119 MB /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive
...
2 0 B /usr/lib/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/cryptsetup.target
Results:
FAIL: highestUserWastedPercent: too many bytes wasted, relative to the user bytes added (%-user-wasted-bytes=0.40662935326803434 >threshold=0.1)
SKIP: highestWastedBytes: rule disabled
FAIL: lowestEfficiency: image efficiency is too low (efficiency=0.7997167019774828< threshold=0.9)
Result:FAIL [Total:3] [Passed:0] [Failed:2] [Warn:0] [Skipped:1]即壓縮成一層
docker-squash -f 25 -t java-squash-all:1.0 java:3.0
2023-01-20 13:53:47,397 root INFO docker-squash version 1.0.10, Docker 5138787, API 1.39...
2023-01-20 13:53:47,397 root INFO Using v2 image format
2023-01-20 13:53:47,401 root INFO Old image has 25 layers
2023-01-20 13:53:47,401 root INFO Checking if squashing is necessary...
2023-01-20 13:53:47,401 root INFO Attempting to squash last 25 layers...
2023-01-20 13:53:47,401 root INFO Saving image sha256:63a1b1edb376fb12838dbbef7749effc1e8e6a973d33a47aee194eff6a173edd to /tmp/docker-squash-23fgk8/old directory...
2023-01-20 13:54:06,767 root INFO Image saved!
2023-01-20 13:54:06,767 root INFO Squashing image 'java:3.0'...
2023-01-20 13:54:06,768 root INFO Starting squashing...
2023-01-20 13:54:06,768 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-23fgk8/old/ddf4a6e4ea15a7ca3825c70e116e40f3a01f25b7df008d4517c826ef78c03dc8/layer.tar'...
2023-01-20 13:54:09,616 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-23fgk8/old/7be6dcb4742458db7e2c77fb1ad9fd66555e6f08d28c74592a9b973740356919/layer.tar'...
2023-01-20 13:54:20,751 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-23fgk8/old/57be802a5ecce1545d1fef09e3f0b04cef12386e3995b8f98b827c1fa690f2dc/layer.tar'...
2023-01-20 13:54:20,778 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-23fgk8/old/e113fadd42d1969d71a6d30cf402938436e9aba0de9af3ed2cdacec9e1842103/layer.tar'...
2023-01-20 13:54:20,799 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-23fgk8/old/eca237f8359a3c25227be27fd27ebff05b510f06b9768639e3484741d9995073/layer.tar'...
2023-01-20 13:54:20,809 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-23fgk8/old/2a47dbd3a252894e057a55d676f92625d24bfc8ad10a28b008e8b87638480ee6/layer.tar'...
2023-01-20 13:54:20,871 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-23fgk8/old/bb207541a62d1cf5aa5dc13e971301949a22d2c3016e317d2190f1b51bde0167/layer.tar'...
2023-01-20 13:54:20,876 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-23fgk8/old/354eb0981c6f10dcf5744386501d61c670f5bfbf77063c778b26e5c0450543f3/layer.tar'...
2023-01-20 13:54:22,489 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-23fgk8/old/e31074992543d56a24b7da3457af34c7df7439ced6d9c0bf72ce4122fc380d81/layer.tar'...
2023-01-20 13:54:22,492 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-23fgk8/old/1641651324846664fa3c233e4459767551e4ab9f081a718085216d30687e0877/layer.tar'...
2023-01-20 13:54:52,084 root INFO Squashing finished!
2023-01-20 13:54:54,922 root INFO Original image size: 1166.43 MB
2023-01-20 13:54:54,922 root INFO Squashed image size: 981.28 MB
2023-01-20 13:54:54,922 root INFO Image size decreased by 15.87 %
2023-01-20 13:54:54,923 root INFO New squashed image ID is f508f38322ae8950e49bd8cbcf140356dd236654ecd6bf303440d93081f6f7c9
2023-01-20 13:55:04,532 root INFO Image registered in Docker daemon as java-squash-all:1.0
2023-01-20 13:55:04,624 root INFO Donedocker history 查看
docker history java-squash-all:1.0
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
f508f38322ae About a minute ago 989MB docker images 比較一下大小
docker images | grep java
java-squash-all 1.0 f508f38322ae 30 minutes ago 989MB
java-squash-11 1.0 794121cd5892 42 minutes ago 1.17GB
java 3.0 63a1b1edb376 4 weeks ago 1.19GBdive 分析
CI=true dive java-squash-all:1.0
Using default CI config
Image Source: docker://java-squash-all:1.0
Fetching image... (this can take a while for large images)
Analyzing image...
efficiency: 100.0000 %
UserSizeByes: 0 bytes (0 B)
SizeByes: 98904607400 bytes (989 MB)
wastedBytes: 0 bytes (0 B)
userWastedPercent: NaN %
Inefficient Files:
Count Wasted Space File Path
None
Results:
PASS: highestUserWastedPercent
SKIP: highestWastedBytes: rule disabled
PASS: lowestEfficiency
Result:PASS [Total:3] [Passed:2] [Failed:0] [Warn:0] [Skipped:1]1、docker-squash根據(jù)docker history層數(shù)對鏡像進(jìn)行壓縮
2、-f指定的層數(shù)越大，壓縮效率越好
3、結(jié)合dive工具，更直觀展示壓縮效率
4、壓縮后的圖像可以加載回Docker守護(hù)進(jìn)程，即可以通過docker images 查看
5、使用docker-squash 也存在缺點(diǎn)，壓縮為一層時無法根據(jù)docker history查看鏡像構(gòu)建歷史。
1、https://lequ7.com/guan-yu-docker-chuang-jian-zui-xiao-hua-de-rong-qi-jing-xiang-er.html
2、https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/S1Ib08SpQbf1SCbCutUoqQ
3、https://blog.csdn.net/j_starry/article/details/125185506
4、https://github.com/jwilder/docker-squash
5、https://bbs.huaweicloud.com/blogs/336684
6、https://github.com/dive/
7、https://www.cnpython.com/pypi/docker-squash
8、https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1444954
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