Redis集群實(shí)戰(zhàn)-創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)

Redis基礎(chǔ)到集群實(shí)戰(zhàn)筆記

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持久化存儲(chǔ)

redis介紹

redis是基于key-value的持久化數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)，redis和memcached服務(wù)很想，但是redis支持的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)類型

服務(wù)更豐富

memcached支持value

redis支持string（字符）list（鏈表） set（集合） push、pop

redis比memcached服務(wù)性能好，但是比相對(duì)性的關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)（如mysql）相對(duì)差

redis支持各種不同方式的排序，與memcached一樣，為了保存效率，數(shù)據(jù)都是緩存在內(nèi)存中提供服務(wù)，但是redis會(huì)定時(shí)的將

數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)在磁盤當(dāng)中，而且redis支持master-slave（主從）同步，這很類似MYSQL

redis優(yōu)點(diǎn)

可以持久化存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)

性能很高：redis支持超過100k+秒的讀寫頻率。

豐富的數(shù)據(jù)類型：strings lists，hashes，Sets數(shù)據(jù)類型操作

redis支持主從復(fù)制

redis應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景

傳統(tǒng)的MYSQL+MEMCACHED架構(gòu)遇到的問題

MYSQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是適合進(jìn)行海量數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)的，加上通過Memcached熱點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)放在內(nèi)存cache中，隨著訪問量增長(zhǎng)，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)

問題。

1需要不斷的對(duì)MYSQL拆庫(kù)拆表，Memcached也需要不斷地?cái)U(kuò)充，占據(jù)大量的運(yùn)維時(shí)間

2Memcached和MYSQL數(shù)據(jù)一致性問題

3Memcached數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)命中率低或當(dāng)機(jī)，導(dǎo)致大量的訪問直接穿透數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，導(dǎo)致mysql無法支持訪問

4跨級(jí)方cache同步一致性問題

redis最佳應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景

1Redis最佳使用場(chǎng)景全部數(shù)據(jù)是in-memory（內(nèi)存）

2Redis更多的場(chǎng)景作為Memcached替代

3當(dāng)需要除key/value之外的更多數(shù)據(jù)類型支持的時(shí)候，使用Redis更合適

4支持持久化

5需要負(fù)載均衡的場(chǎng)景（redis主從同步）

redis部署搭建

MASTER 192.168.2.1

SLAVE 192.168.2.4

MASTER:

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg bbs boke install.log install.log.syslog mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz redis-3.0.2.tar.gz test.sh www

[root@localhost ~]# tar zxf redis-3.0.2.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# cd redis-3.0.2

[root@localhost redis-3.0.2]# make MALLOC=jemalloc

[root@localhost redis-3.0.2]# make PREFIX=/application/redis install 指定安裝路徑

SLAVE

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg bbs boke install.log install.log.syslog mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz redis-3.0.2.tar.gz test.sh www

[root@localhost ~]# tar zxf redis-3.0.2.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# cd redis-3.0.2

[root@localhost redis-3.0.2]# make MALLOC=jemalloc

[root@localhost redis-3.0.2]# make PREFIX=/application/redis install 指定安裝路徑

裝完后bin有5個(gè)命令

[root@localhost bin]# ls

redis-benchmark redis-check-aof redis-check-dump redis-cli redis-sentinel redis-server

redis-benchmark redis性能測(cè)試工具

redis-check-aof 更新日志檢查

redis-check-dump

redis-cli Redis命令操作工具

redis-sentinel 用于本地?cái)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)檢查

redis-server Redis服務(wù)的啟動(dòng)程序

要想啟動(dòng)Redis要做環(huán)境變量

[root@localhost redis]# export PATH=/application/redis/bin/:$PATH

[root@localhost redis]# which redis-server

/application/redis/bin/redis-server

永久生效修改文件

[root@localhost redis]# vim /etc/profile

export PATH=/application/redis/bin/:$PATH

[root@localhost redis]# . /etc/profile

redis配置

[root@localhost redis-3.0.2]# mkdir /application/redis/conf

[root@localhost redis-3.0.2]# cp redis.conf /application/redis/conf/

啟動(dòng)Redis

[root@localhost redis-3.0.2]# redis-server /application/redis/conf/redis.conf

5522:M 18 Feb 05:02:08.448 * Increased maximum number of open files to 10032 (it was originally set to 1024).

_._

_.-``__ ''-._

_.-`` `. `_. ''-._ Redis 3.0.2 (00000000/0) 64 bit

.-`` .-```. ```\/ _.,_ ''-._

( ' , .-` | `, ) Running in standalone mode

|`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'| Port: 6379

| `-._ `._ / _.-' | PID: 5522

`-._ `-._ `-./ _.-' _.-'

|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|

| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | http://redis.io

`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'

|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|

| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' |

`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'

`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'

`-._ _.-'

`-.__.-'

5522:M 18 Feb 05:02:08.463 # Server started, Redis version 3.0.2

5522:M 18 Feb 05:02:08.464 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect.

5522:M 18 Feb 05:02:08.470 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.

5522:M 18 Feb 05:02:08.470 * The server is now ready to accept connections on port 6379

vm.overcommit_memory = 1提示這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤

解決

[root@localhost redis-3.0.2]# sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1

vm.overcommit_memory = 1

[root@localhost redis-3.0.2]# redis-server /application/redis/conf/redis.conf

5560:M 18 Feb 05:05:23.085 * Increased maximum number of open files to 10032 (it was originally set to 1024).

_._

_.-``__ ''-._

_.-`` `. `_. ''-._ Redis 3.0.2 (00000000/0) 64 bit

.-`` .-```. ```\/ _.,_ ''-._

( ' , .-` | `, ) Running in standalone mode

|`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'| Port: 6379

| `-._ `._ / _.-' | PID: 5560

`-._ `-._ `-./ _.-' _.-'

|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|

| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | http://redis.io

`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'

|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|

| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' |

`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'

`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'

`-._ _.-'

`-.__.-'

5560:M 18 Feb 05:05:23.087 # Server started, Redis version 3.0.2

5560:M 18 Feb 05:05:23.088 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.

5560:M 18 Feb 05:05:23.088 * DB loaded from disk: 0.001 seconds

5560:M 18 Feb 05:05:23.088 * The server is now ready to accept connections on port 6379

成功！

測(cè)試redis

[root@localhost ~]# redis-cli

127.0.0.1:6379>

創(chuàng)建庫(kù)查看庫(kù)

127.0.0.1:6379> set no002 xiaohu

127.0.0.1:6379> get no002

"xiaohu"

不在命令行創(chuàng)建庫(kù)

[root@localhost ~]# redis-cli -h 192.168.2.1 -p 6379 set no001 qi

[root@localhost ~]# redis-cli -h 192.168.2.1 -p 6379 get no001

"qi"

刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

[root@localhost ~]# redis-cli del no001

(integer) 1

[root@localhost ~]# redis-cli get no001

(nil)

redis類型

字符串類型

列表類型列表是數(shù)組對(duì)應(yīng)

[root@localhost ~]# redis-cli rpush messages "hello"

(integer) 1

[root@localhost ~]# redis-cli rpush messages "hell"

(integer) 2

顯示

[root@localhost ~]# redis-cli lrange messages 0 2

1) "hello"

2) "hell"

redis集合這種將3個(gè)值集合在一個(gè)變量值上對(duì)應(yīng)標(biāo)簽功能

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset a

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset b

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset c

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset

1) "c"

2) "b"

3) "a"

redis 主從同步

MASTER 192.168.2.1

SLAVE 192.168.2.4

編輯slave的redis.conf

vim /application/redis/conf/redis.conf

在slaveof下面添加：

slaveof 192.168.2.1 6379 主庫(kù)地址和端口號(hào)

slave查看

[root@localhost redis-3.0.2]# redis-server /application/redis/conf/redis.conf

6631:S 24 Mar 06:21:26.599 * Increased maximum number of open files to 10032 (it was originally set to 1024).

_._

_.-``__ ''-._

_.-`` `. `_. ''-._ Redis 3.0.2 (00000000/0) 64 bit

.-`` .-```. ```\/ _.,_ ''-._

( ' , .-` | `, ) Running in standalone mode

|`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'| Port: 6379

| `-._ `._ / _.-' | PID: 6631

`-._ `-._ `-./ _.-' _.-'

|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|

| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | http://redis.io

`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'

|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|

| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' |

`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'

`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'

`-._ _.-'

`-.__.-'

6631:S 24 Mar 06:21:26.611 # Server started, Redis version 3.0.2

6631:S 24 Mar 06:21:26.613 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.

6631:S 24 Mar 06:21:26.613 * DB loaded from disk: 0.000 seconds

6631:S 24 Mar 06:21:26.613 * The server is now ready to accept connections on port 6379

6631:S 24 Mar 06:21:27.602 * Connecting to MASTER 192.168.2.1:6379

6631:S 24 Mar 06:21:27.602 * MASTER <-> SLAVE sync started 已經(jīng)成功

6631:S 24 Mar 06:21:27.603 * Non blocking connect for SYNC fired the event.

6631:S 24 Mar 06:21:27.604 * Master replied to PING, replication can continue...

6631:S 24 Mar 06:21:27.606 * Partial resynchronization not possible (no cached master)

6631:S 24 Mar 06:21:27.611 * Full resync from master: 7a09e0f69c3888561658ec8a480d250d219c2444:1

6631:S 24 Mar 06:21:27.671 * MASTER <-> SLAVE sync: receiving 83 bytes from master

6631:S 24 Mar 06:21:27.671 * MASTER <-> SLAVE sync: Flushing old data

6631:S 24 Mar 06:21:27.671 * MASTER <-> SLAVE sync: Loading DB in memory

6631:S 24 Mar 06:21:27.672 * MASTER <-> SLAVE sync: Finished with success

MASTER查看

[root@localhost ~]# redis-server /application/redis/conf/redis.conf

2178:M 19 Feb 03:22:56.204 * Increased maximum number of open files to 10032 (it was originally set to 1024).

_._

_.-``__ ''-._

_.-`` `. `_. ''-._ Redis 3.0.2 (00000000/0) 64 bit

.-`` .-```. ```\/ _.,_ ''-._

( ' , .-` | `, ) Running in standalone mode

|`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'| Port: 6379

| `-._ `._ / _.-' | PID: 2178

`-._ `-._ `-./ _.-' _.-'

|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|

| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | http://redis.io

`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'

|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|

| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' |

`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'

`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'

`-._ _.-'

`-.__.-'

2178:M 19 Feb 03:22:56.224 # Server started, Redis version 3.0.2

2178:M 19 Feb 03:22:56.224 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect.

2178:M 19 Feb 03:22:56.224 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.

2178:M 19 Feb 03:22:56.224 * DB loaded from disk: 0.000 seconds

2178:M 19 Feb 03:22:56.224 * The server is now ready to accept connections on port 6379

2178:M 19 Feb 03:37:57.011 * 1 changes in 900 seconds. Saving...

2178:M 19 Feb 03:37:57.014 * Background saving started by pid 2374

2374:C 19 Feb 03:37:57.046 * DB saved on disk

2374:C 19 Feb 03:37:57.046 * RDB: 6 MB of memory used by copy-on-write

2178:M 19 Feb 03:37:57.120 * Background saving terminated with success

2178:M 19 Feb 03:52:58.020 * 1 changes in 900 seconds. Saving...

2178:M 19 Feb 03:52:58.031 * Background saving started by pid 2546

2546:C 19 Feb 03:52:58.049 * DB saved on disk

2546:C 19 Feb 03:52:58.049 * RDB: 6 MB of memory used by copy-on-write

2178:M 19 Feb 03:52:58.138 * Background saving terminated with success

2178:M 19 Feb 04:09:04.556 * Slave 192.168.2.4:6379 asks for synchronization

2178:M 19 Feb 04:09:04.556 * Full resync requested by slave 192.168.2.4:6379

2178:M 19 Feb 04:09:04.556 * Starting BGSAVE for SYNC with target: disk

2178:M 19 Feb 04:09:04.557 * Background saving started by pid 2773

2773:C 19 Feb 04:09:04.580 * DB saved on disk

2773:C 19 Feb 04:09:04.581 * RDB: 6 MB of memory used by copy-on-write 主庫(kù)也接受到了

2178:M 19 Feb 04:09:04.620 * Background saving terminated with success

2178:M 19 Feb 04:09:04.620 * Synchronization with slave 192.168.2.4:6379 succeeded

在從庫(kù)做個(gè)監(jiān)控，主庫(kù)寫數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證

[root@localhost ~]# redis-cli 主庫(kù)創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

127.0.0.1:6379> set t1 xiaohu01

127.0.0.1:6379> get t1

"xiaohu01"

查看從庫(kù)同步

[root@localhost ~]# redis-cli -h 192.168.2.4 get t1

"xiaohu01"

遠(yuǎn)程連接到從庫(kù)查看數(shù)據(jù)同步了

[root@localhost ~]# redis-cli -h localhost -p 6379 monitor 從庫(kù)開啟監(jiān)控?cái)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)寫入

1458772016.182626 [0 192.168.2.1:6379] "PING"

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